Adaptations and counter-adaptations in the coevolutionary arms race of a baculovirus and its insect host

梨小球蛾颗粒病毒(CpGV，Baculoviridae)是防治苹果小食心虫(Cydia pomonella，L.)在生物和综合虫害管理方面。自2003年以来，在大约40个欧洲CM田间群体中观察到对CpGV-M的快速抗性，这可以追溯到单个显性的性别连锁基因。从那时起，抗性管理一直基于能够克服这种耐药性的新的CpGV分离物(CpGV-I12，-S)的混合物。最近，甚至在CM田间种群中也观察到对这些新菌株的抗性。这种抗性不遵循所描述的显性、与性别相关的遗传特征。同时，还鉴定了另一株对这些抗性群体具有较强毒力的CpGV-V15菌株。为了阐明这种新的抗性机制，并确定与之相关的抗性基因(S)，我们从细胞和基因组水平对这种抗性进行了综合分析。由于以前对昆虫中病毒抗性的分子机制缺乏了解，因此将采取几种不同的和互补的方法。这项研究不仅将深入了解杆状病毒在CM田间种群中产生抗药性的遗传可能性以及病毒如何克服它，而且还可以作为其他杆状病毒-宿主相互作用系统的重要模型。

Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV, Baculoviridae) is one of the most important agents for the control of codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella, L.) in both biological and integrated pest management. The rapid emergence of resistance against CpGV-M, which was observed in about 40 European CM field populations from 2003 on, could be traced back to a single, dominant, sex-linked gene. Since then, resistance management has been based on mixtures of new CpGV isolates (CpGV-I12, -S), which are able to overcome this resistance. Recently, resistance even to these novel isolates was observed in CM field populations. This resistance does not follow the described dominant, sex-linked inheritance trait. At the same time, another isolate CpGV-V15 was identified showing high virulence against these resistant populations. To elucidate this novel resistance mechanism and to identify the resistance gene(s) involved, we propose a comprehensive analysis of this resistance on the cellular and genomic level of codling moth. Because of the lack of previous knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of virus resistance in insects, several different and complementary approaches will be pursued. This study will not only give an in-depth insight into the genetic possibilities for development of baculovirus resistance in CM field populations and how the virus overcomes it, but can also serve as an important model for other baculovirus-host interaction systems.