State and Non-State Territorial Practices and Polycentric Governance in UK and US Large Marine Protected Areas

该奖项是美国国家科学基金会社会、行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界、工业界或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行为期两年的培训，并鼓励博士后进行独立研究。美国国家科学基金会寻求促进科学界各阶层的科学家，包括那些未被充分代表的群体的科学家，参与其研究项目和活动；博士后阶段被认为是实现这一目标的一个重要的专业发展阶段。每个博士后必须解决各自学科领域的重要科学问题。该博士后奖学金支持一名年轻学者研究国家和非国家行为体在大型海洋保护区（LMPA）治理中不断变化的作用和影响。超过10万平方公里的LMPAs已经成为一种引人注目的保护趋势，并通过科学家、非政府组织、基金会、政府、名人和其他人的全球网络在世界范围内迅速传播。尽管LMPAs的数量迅速增加，但调查这些新治理制度中纠缠的各种行为者和政策过程的研究却很少。本研究通过比较美国夏威夷州专属经济区（EEZ）和英国海外领土阿森松岛专属渔区（EFZ）两个最近宣布或扩大的LMPAs的治理行为者和机构治理结构之间的相互作用，解决了这一差距。本项目旨在提供关于lmpa未被充分研究的政治和制度层面的新知识。它还扩大了女性、口吃者和夏威夷原住民对SBE科学的参与。具体而言，本项目运用人文地理学关于地域性的理论和新制度主义关于多中心的理论来回答三个研究问题。首先，国家和非国家治理行为体如何通过在夏威夷和阿森松岛指定海洋保护区来（重新）阐明海洋领土？第二，现有的多中心治理通过哪些机制使国家和非国家行为体在LMPA指定中发挥决策作用？第三，新的治理参与者如何通过实施lmpa重塑现有的海洋治理结构？为了解决这些问题，该项目采用了建构主义理论指导下的定性比较案例研究方法。数据收集方法包括与治理参与者的访谈，关键文件收集，以及在管理计划和决策会议上的参与者观察。研究结果将为美国和国际海洋治理快速增长和未充分研究的趋势提供信息，并将加强当前和未来海洋保护区之间的跨站点学习。

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields.This post-doctoral fellowship supports a young scholar in examining the changing roles and influence of state and non-state actors in large marine protected area (LMPA) governance. LMPAs greater than 100,000 km2 have emerged as a high-profile conservation trend that has spread rapidly around the world through global networks of scientists, non-governmental organizations, foundations, governments, celebrities, and others. Despite this rapid increase in LMPAs, little research has been published investigating the varied actors and policy processes entangled in these new governance regimes. This research addresses this gap by comparing interactions between governance actors and institutional governance structures in two recently announced or expanded LMPAs in the US state of Hawaii's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and in the UK overseas territory of Ascension Island's Exclusive Fishing Zone (EFZ). This project seeks to provide new knowledge about the understudied political and institutional dimensions of LMPAs. It also broadens the participation of women, people who stutter and native Hawaiians in SBE sciences.Specifically, the project engages human geography theory on territoriality and new institutionalist theory on polycentricity to answer three research questions. First, how are state and non-state governance actors (re)articulating ocean territory through the designation of LMPAs in Hawaii and Ascension Island? Second, what are the mechanisms through which existing polycentric governance enables and constrains decision-making roles for state and non-state actors in LMPA designation? Third, how are new governance actors reshaping existing ocean governance structures through the implementation of LMPAs? To address these questions, the project employs a qualitative comparative case study approach guided by constructivist grounded theory. Data collection methods include interviews with governance actors, key document collection, and participant observation at management planning and policy-making meetings. Results will inform a rapidly growing and understudied trend in US and international ocean governance and will enhance cross-site learning between current and future LMPAs.