RUI: Role of Germ Cell Nanoparticles during Germline Specification in Drosophila

本项目主要研究生殖细胞纳米颗粒的生物学功能和组装。这些小分子结构可能是解释生殖细胞无法解释的基本方面的关键，即生殖细胞产生下一代个体的独特能力，从而确保生命的连续性。生殖细胞属于一类特殊的细胞，它能产生卵子和精子，它们结合在一起形成一个全新的有机体。生殖细胞纳米颗粒在动物门中非常保守，表明它们具有重要的生物学意义。此外，该研究还可能促进具有所需分子特性的人造纳米颗粒的设计，从而导致技术突破。该项目将包括本科生、研究生和一名博士后学者，并将为未来科学和教育领域的积极参与者提供培训机会。此外，研究课题将被纳入遗传学课程，并将设计一个新的细胞生物学实验模块。这项研究将在大学国家公共广播电台上进行描述，为公众提供一个很好的平台。本项目旨在了解多种生物生殖系发育所需的由RNA和蛋白质组成的生殖细胞分子复合物的功能组装原理。这些复合物的成分包括都铎结构域蛋白、Piwi蛋白、Piwi相互作用小rna （piRNAs）和糖酵解簇酶。这些复合物在沉默转座因子中起主要作用，否则可能导致有害突变。然而，控制它们组装的机制仍然是个谜。为了解决这一差距，将采用多种方法-包括遗传学，生物化学以及体外和体内实验-来测试组成蛋白在果蝇这些生殖细胞颗粒组装中的作用。由于这些结构具有进化保守性，本研究可作为研究其他大型动态核糖核蛋白颗粒的范例。此外，这些结果有可能揭示这些纳米颗粒如何发挥作用以保持下一代遗传物质的完整性的新见解。

This project focuses on the biological functions and assembly of germ cell nanoparticles. These are small molecular structures that may hold a key to unexplained fundamental aspect of germline, namely its unique ability to give rise to the next-generation individuals and therefore, ensure the continuity of life. Germ cells belong to a special class of cells that produce egg and sperm which unite to generate a completely new organism. Germ cell nanoparticles have been remarkably conserved across animal phyla indicating their crucial biological importance. In addition, this research may promote design of artificial nanoparticles with desired molecular characteristics thereby leading to technological breakthroughs. This project will involve undergraduate, graduate students and a postdoctoral scholar and will provide opportunities for training of future active participants in science and education fields. In addition, the research topics will be incorporated into genetics courses and a new cell biology laboratory module will be designed. This research will be described on the University National Public Radio providing a great platform to reach out to the general public.This project aims to understand the principles of the functional assembly of germ cell molecular complexes composed of RNA and proteins required for germline development in diverse organisms. Components of these complexes include Tudor domain-containing proteins, Piwi proteins, small Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and enzymes of the glycolytic cluster. These complexes play a major role in the silencing of transposable elements, which otherwise might lead to harmful mutations. However, the mechanisms controlling their assembly remains a mystery. To address this gap, a combination of approaches--including genetics, biochemistry, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments--will be used to test the roles of the component proteins in assembly of these germ cell particles in Drosophila. Because these structures have been evolutionarily conserved, this research can serve as a paradigm for studying other large and dynamic ribonucleoprotein granules. Moreover, the results have the potential to reveal new insights into how such nanoparticles function to preserve the integrity of the next generation genetic material.