RAPID Collaborative research: Topographic change and cascading hazards following the November 13th Mw7.8 Kaikoura (New Zealand) earthquake

这一快速反应研究(RAPID)项目将研究2016年11月13日新西兰凯库拉地区发生的一系列地震对断层和滑坡过程的影响。这项工作的重点将是为这次活动开发数字高程模型和时间序列，并开展实地工作以评估遥感产品。这项工作将补充新西兰地震后正在进行的其他紧急响应工作。它将加强美国和新西兰科学家之间的国际合作，并有意义地让学生参与科学研究过程。地形的4D演化对于理解断层和滑坡过程至关重要。对于地震等使地貌变形和侵蚀的重大事件，我们缺乏了解此类过程的事件规模的数据，因为重复进行陆地和航空调查的成本高得令人望而却步。现有的高分辨率地形测量的地理范围往往很小，因此在地震发生前捕捉到一个区域的机会很少，而且通常范围有限。然而，最近在高性能计算和立体卫星图像收集方面的进展创造了提供区域尺度数据的机会，这些数据可用于高分辨率地形测量。这样的调查可能会以有限的资源重复进行，从而可以快速且相对便宜地创建地形时间序列数据。根据与国家地理空间情报局和超级计算机中心的合同，PI将获得现有的立体图像和超级计算机处理时间，以立即开发并向参与此次活动的所有研究人员提供活动前的高分辨率数字高程模型。这项工作将有助于了解涉及复杂的、多断层震源机制的大地震后的滑坡灾害，并将很容易输出到其他板块边界背景下的其他地震的科学响应中。

This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project will examine the effects of the November 13, 2016, series of earthquakes in the Kaikoura region of New Zealand on faulting and landslide processes. The focus of the effort will be to develop a digital elevation model and time series for this event and conduct field work to evaluate the remote sensing products. The work will complement other urgent response efforts underway in New Zealand following the earthquakes. It will enhance international collaboration among scientists in the United States and New Zealand and meaningfully involve students in the scientific research process.The 4D evolution of topography is critical for understanding faulting and landslide processes. For major events that deform and erode landscapes, such as earthquakes, we lack data at an event scale for understanding such processes because of the prohibitive cost of repeat land and airborne surveys. Existing high-resolution topographic surveys tend to be small in geographic extent, and thus the chance of catching an area before an event is rare and usually limited in scope. However, recent advances in high performance computing coupled with stereo-satellite imagery collection create the opportunity to provide regional scale data that can be processed for high-resolution topography. Such surveys can potentially be repeated with modest resources such that a topographic time series data can be created quickly and relatively inexpensively. Per contracts with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and supercomputer centers, the PIs will gain access to the existing stereo imagery and super computer processing time needed to immediately develop and deliver a pre-event, high resolution digital elevation model to all researchers working on this event. This work will contribute to the understanding of landslide hazards after major earthquakes involving complex, multi-fault source mechanisms, and will be readily exportable to the scientific response of other earthquakes at other plate boundary settings.