NRI: FND: COLLAB: Drones and the Design of Public Outdoor Spaces

随着最近的监管改革允许无人驾驶飞行器(又名无人机)的商业使用，公众参与的新机会正在涌现，特别是在拍摄现场音乐活动、体育赛事报道以及创建地标或古迹的强烈图像等领域。然而，这些技术进步也导致了业余爱好者无人机的激增。因此，关于非法无人机在这些空间飞行的报告越来越多，这对地面人员或在这些空间合法飞行的商用无人机构成了风险。户外公共空间管理者可以受益于系统的设计指南和技术建议，这些系统可以检测并潜在地减少无人机对其空间的不受欢迎的入侵，同时保护地面人员和合法的无人机。有必要探索被动的无人机探测方法，并在吸引中小型人群的公共区域进行缓解，特别是那些负担得起且安全的方法。通过组建一个由工程师和景观设计师组成的多学科团队，杜克大学和克莱姆森大学的研究人员采用了系统论的方法来分析和解决这个问题。这样的问题是多方面的，涉及多个利益攸关方，包括场馆管理人员、普通公众和场馆签约提供服务的合法无人机运营商。为了让关键利益攸关方参与这一进程的所有环节，将建立一个无源无人机探测和缓解系统设计中相互关联的变量模型，包括作业环境、物理和成本限制以及安全和美学考虑因素。设计原型将被建造和测试。还将开发一套正式的指导方针和一个反映一系列被动技术的成本和能力的设计交易空间，供户外公共空间的设计师和管理者使用，他们将越来越难以解决这个问题。

With recent regulatory changes allowing for the commercial use of unmanned aerial vehicles, aka drones, many new opportunities are emerging for public engagement, especially in areas like filming live music events, coverage of sporting events, and creating powerful imagery of landmarks or monuments. However, these technology advancements have also led to a proliferation of hobbyist drones. As a result, there are increasing reports of illegal drones flying in these same spaces, which present a risk to people on the ground or to those commercial drones legitimately flying in the spaces. Outdoor public space managers could benefit from design guidelines and technology recommendations for systems that could detect and potentially mitigate unwanted drone incursions into their spaces while protecting both people on the ground and legitimate drones. There is a need to explore passive approaches to drone detection and mitigation for public areas that attract small to medium sized crowds, particularly those approaches that are affordable and safe. Through assembling a multidisciplinary team of engineers and landscape architects, Duke University and Clemson University researchers take a systems-theoretic approach to analyzing and addressing this problem. Such a problem is multidimensional with multiple stakeholders, including venue managers, the general public, and legitimate drone operators contracted by the venues for services. Involving critical stakeholders at all points in the process, a model of those variables that interrelate in the design of passive drone detection and mitigation systems will be developed, including operating environments, physical and cost constraints, and security and aesthetic considerations. Design prototypes will be built and tested. A set of formal guidelines and a design trade space that reflects costs and capabilities for a range of passive technologies will also be developed that can be used by designers and mangers of outdoor public spaces, who will be increasingly struggling with this problem.