ALOHA Cabled Observatory Continuing Operations and Maintenance

夏威夷瓦胡岛以北100公里处的长期海洋监测点被称为Aloha站(长期寡营养生境评估)，自20世纪80年代末S以来一直是重复观测的地点。最近，在Aloha站附近建立了一个连接到海岸的深海观测站。Aloha有线天文台(ACO)于2011年6月部署，支持Aloha站的创新科学研究。ACO为海洋科学界提供了必要的基础设施，并为Aloha站的持续科学提供了通道，Aloha站是一个贫养(沙漠)站点，代表了全球海洋的一大部分。作为最深的作业电缆站，它能够为科学开发、测试和运行新的海洋观测传感器和技术，从深渊到表面。ALOHA是一种可以从字面上和比喻上从上到下连接海洋的环境，以提高人们的理解，这样我们就可以对所有时间和空间尺度上的人类影响生物地球化学和物理过程进行建模和预测。在过去的29年里，夏威夷海洋时间序列(HOT)项目一直在收集基于船舶的海洋数据；在过去的13年里，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所(WHOI)热点停泊项目(WHOTS)提供了全面的气象和上层海洋数据。这些数据与许多相关过程研究的数据一起，形成了一个以一个地点为中心的独特的、多元的、长期的海洋状态数据集。随着相对较高的功率(1200W)、数据带宽(100Mb/S)和精确计时、一套基本的核心观测和即将上线的新型遥控运载器(ROV)的推出，ACO可以支持新的和创新的科学研究，以及对HOT和其他ALOHA空间站科学的补充。科学问题包括：有多少碳被输出到远洋深处、海底生物和沉积物？是什么控制营养物质向真光层注入和向深海输出的事件？在整个水柱中混合的生物和物理细节和影响是什么？深海中的生物和物理能量学是什么？次重力波模型的表现如何？海洋哺乳动物的种群和行为是如何随着时间的推移而变化的？被动声学能用来推断海洋温度吗？我们能从海底压力中了解到海啸和地震事件吗？解决这些具有挑战性的问题将需要技术进步，如分布式底部阵列和水柱剖面系泊。这笔赠款支持ACO继续为科学界提供运营和维护。将修复、部署和维护核心仪器，包括第二个基本传感器包(压力、荧光计和温度/盐度)。所有数据，包括实时视频和音频流，都是公开可用的。ACO是地球上最深的有线海洋观测站，水深4728米，为阿洛哈新的、令人兴奋的、与全球相关的科学和技术提供了基础设施。

The long-term ocean monitoring site 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii known as station ALOHA (A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment) has been the location of repeated observations since the late 1980's. More recently, a deep-sea observatory, cabled to shore, was established near station ALOHA. The ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO) was deployed in June 2011 and supports innovative scientific research at Station ALOHA. The ACO provides the ocean science community with essential infrastructure and access for sustained science at Station ALOHA, an oligotrophic (desert) site representative of a large fraction of the global ocean. As the deepest operational cabled station, it enables the development, testing and operation for science of new ocean observing sensors and technology, from the abyss to the surface. ALOHA is one setting where it will be possible to connect the ocean from top to bottom, both literally and figuratively, to improve understanding so we can model and predict for human impacts biogeochemical and physical processes at all temporal and spatial scales. For the past 29 years on a monthly schedule, the Hawai'i Ocean Time-series (HOT) project has been collecting ship-based oceanographic data; for the last 13 years, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) HOT Site (WHOTS) mooring has provided comprehensive meteorological and upper ocean data. These data together with those from many associated process studies form a unique, multivariate, long-term data set of the ocean state centered at one location. With the availability of relatively high power (1200 W), data bandwidth (100 Mb/s) and precise timing, a basic suite of core observations, and a new remotely operated vehicle (ROV) coming on-line, the ACO can support new and innovative science studies, in their own right as well as to complement HOT and other Station ALOHA science. Science questions include: How much carbon is exported to pelagic depths, the benthos and the sediment? What governs nutrient injection events into the euphotic zone, and export events to the deeper sea? What are the coupled biological and physical details and impacts of mixing throughout the water column? What are the biological and physical energetics in the abyssal ocean? How well are infra-gravity wave models performing? How do marine mammal populations and behaviors change over time? Can passive acoustics be used to infer ocean temperature? What can we learn about tsunamis and seismic events from the bottom pressure? Addressing such challenging questions will require technology advances such as distributed bottom arrays and water column profiling moorings. This grant supports continued ACO operations and maintenance for the scientific community. Core instrumentation will be repaired, deployed, and maintained, including a second basic sensor package (pressure, fluorometer, and temperature/salinity). All data, including real time video and audio streams, are publically available. The ACO, the deepest operating cabled ocean observatory on our planet at 4728 m water depth, provides the infrastructure for new and exciting, globally relevant science and technology at ALOHA.