Development of intra-subject variability of processing speed

尽管在老龄化研究中，主体内变异性的增加已被确定为认知能力下降的可靠预测因素，但几乎没有人知道主体内变异性的减少与儿童和青少年时期认知发展的预测因素的相关性。本研究从工作记忆容量和加工速度与智力发展的相关性出发，比较了工作记忆容量、加工速度和加工速度的主体内变异性在预测一般智力发展中的不同作用的结构方程模型，从而区分主体内变异性的不同方面。在横向调查相对广泛的年龄范围（6-18岁）的同时，纵向调查将在较窄的早期年龄范围（6-7岁）进行为期两年的适当因果关系。数据分析将采用MIMIC模型进行横截面数据分析，双变化评分模型和连续时间模型进行纵向数据分析。总的来说，我们期望这个项目产生关于认知发展的核心因素的新的基本知识，并启发差异心理学重要结构的发展动力学。因此，本项目的研究结果将有助于进一步发展发展和差异理论，证明发展心理学创新方法的适用性，并为进一步研究儿童和青少年精神疾病的认知异常提供重要基础。

Although the increase in intra-subject variability has been identified in ageing research as a reliable predictor of cognitive decline, hardly anything is known about the relevance of decreases in intra-subject variability as predictor of cognitive development during childhood and adolescence. Starting with the established relevance of working memory capacity and processing speed for intellectual development, the proposed research aims to compare different structural equation models that assign different roles to the three constructs working memory capacity, processing speed and intra-subject variability of processing speed with regard to the prediction of the development of general intelligence, thereby distinguishing different facets of intra-subject variability. While a relatively broad age range (6-18 years) will be investigated cross-sectionally, proper cause-effect relationships will be investigated longitudinally over two years in a narrower, early age range (6-7 years).Data analysis will employ MIMIC models for the cross-sectional data, and Dual change score models as well as continuous time models for the longitudinal data. Overall, we expect this project to yield new basic knowledge about central factors of cognitive development and to enlighten the developmental dynamics of important constructs of Differential Psychology. The results of this project will therefore contribute to the further development of developmental and differential theories, demonstrate the applicability of innovative methods of developmental psychology, and provide an important basis for the further investigation of cognitive anomalies in psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence.