Ideomotor Control of Anticipatory Action

我们每天都会与许多不同的物体互动。尽管我们通常不太注意这些行为，但它们确实是人脑能力的令人惊叹的演示。它们需要整合有关对象的知识、我们自己的行动能力以及两者之间的关系。日常物体操纵的复杂性已经体现在我们在与物体互动之前如何抓取物体上，因为我们通常选择将我们的身体带入初始姿势的抓取，这些抓取是专门为促进预期的物体操纵而定制的。近几十年来，我们如何选择抓取来进行物体操纵的话题受到了相当大的关注。虽然我们现在很好地了解了我们是如何从抓取选择中受益的，但我们对运动认知过程的理解非常有限，而运动认知过程最初就使这种形式的适应行为成为可能。前一个项目(HE 6710/2-1)揭示了GRASH选择过程的两个方面是至关重要的：学习过程和任务表征。由于到目前为止，这些过程在这一背景下还没有得到多少关注，我们希望通过提出的延续建议来阐明这些过程。由于理想运动理论强调这些方面，我们检验它是否可以更好地理解物体操纵的抓取选择。意念运动理论用非常笼统的术语解释了目标导向行为的习得和控制。根据表意运动理论，行动是通过预期其感官效果而启动的。这些效应表征通过动作-效应环节的先前联想学习而与特定的动作联系在一起。具体地说，我们想要测试是否通过预测物体运动的预期感知特征来选择抓握来进行特定的物体操纵。拟议的项目包括三个部分。在第一部分中，我们想要测试对象操纵的抓取选择是否受到先前抓取与对象操纵的关联的影响。在第二部分中，我们想要考察物体操作的表征是否会影响抓取选择。在第三部分中，我们想要检查对象操纵的决定是否基于所涉及的对象运动的知觉复杂性。总而言之，我们希望这个项目加深我们对人类物体操纵能力的理解，并将观念运动理论扩展到更复杂、生物力学要求更高的动作。

We interact with many different objects every day. Even though we usually do not pay much heed to these actions, they are indeed stunning demonstrations of the capabilities of the human brain. They require the integration of knowledge about objects, our own action capabilities, and the relationship between the two. The sophistication of every-day object manipulations is already revealed in how we grasp objects before we interact with them, because we usually select grasps that bring our bodies into initial postures that are specifically tailored to facilitate the intended object manipulations.In recent decades, the topic of how we select grasps for object manipulations has received considerable attention. Whereas we now understand rather well how we benefit from our grasp selections, we have a very limited understanding of the motor-cognitive processes that enable this form of adaptive behavior in the first place. The preceding project (HE 6710/2-1) revealed that two aspects of the grasp selection process are crucial: learning processes and task representations. As these processes have received little attention so far in this context, we want to shed light on them with the proposed continuation proposal.As ideomotor theory emphasizes these aspects, we test whether it can be used to better understand grasp selection for object manipulation. Ideomotor theory explains the acquisition and control of goal-directed behavior in very general terms. According to ideomotor theory, actions are initiated by anticipating their sensory effects. These effect representation have become connected with specific actions by prior associative learning of action-effect links. Specifically, we want to test whether grasps are selected for specific object manipulations by anticipating the expected perceptual features of object movements. The proposed project has three parts. In part I, we want to test whether grasp selection for object manipulation is affected by previous associations of grasps with object manipulations. In part II, we want to examine whether representations of object manipulations affect grasp selections. In part III, we want to examine whether decisions for object manipulations are based on the perceptual complexity of the involved object movement. In summary, we expect that this project deepens our understanding of human object manipulation capabilities and that it extents ideomotor theory to more complex, biomechanically demanding actions.