PFCQC: STAQ: Software-Tailored Architecture for Quantum co-design

在过去的半个世纪里，经济增长在很大程度上是由不断增长的计算能力驱动的，这对大多数行业的创新、提高效率和管理复杂性至关重要。为了继续这种增长，探索和审查提高计算能力的新方法至关重要。量子计算机是一种很有前途的先进计算能力，在分子化学和材料科学等领域的密码破译和科学模拟问题上具有无与伦比的优势。近年来，量子计算发展迅速，硬件的发展已经接近一个复杂的水平，有可能构建一个量子计算机，在解决某些问题时可能比经典计算机表现更好。量子协同设计软件定制架构（STAQ）项目将一组物理学家、计算机科学家和工程师聚集在一起，构建一台能够显示出优于当前计算机技术的量子计算机。该项目还支持教育工具和量子信息劳动力的开发。当量子计算机足够大，暴力模拟策略变得不可行，量子算法足够复杂，近似计算方法无法提供准确的结果时，量子计算机可以表现出优于标准计算机的优势。STAQ项目旨在通过构建具有64个或更多量子位的离子阱量子计算机和开发适合噪声量子器件的量子算法来利用这种量子优势。这项雄心勃勃的任务将由一个软件堆栈来实现，该软件堆栈将量子算法最佳地映射到离子阱设备上，并允许算法和硬件一起设计。这个项目需要广泛的专业知识来实现科学目标。该团队由离子阱实验家、量子信息理论家和计算机架构师组成。STAQ将组织一个量子思想学院，招收不同种类的学生进入量子信息领域，并帮助重新培训当前这个新兴领域的工业科学家。该项目推进了NSF未来投资的10大构想中的两个目标：“量子飞跃：引领下一次量子革命”和“在NSF发展融合研究”。这10个重大想法将推动美国研究的前沿，为解决世界面临的一些最紧迫的问题提供创新方法，并带来未知的发现。该项目还推进了国家战略计算计划（NSCI）的第三个目标，旨在开发后摩尔定律时代的新技术能力。该项目由数学和物理科学理事会物理学部、计算机和信息科学与工程理事会计算和通信基础学部以及工程理事会电气、通信和网络系统学部支持。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Over the past half century, economic growth was heavily driven by increasing computational power, which was crucial in enabling innovation, improving efficiency, and managing complexity in most industries. To continue this growth, it is critical to explore and vet new approaches for increasing computational power. Quantum computers are a promising form of advanced computational power, providing unmatched advantages in code breaking and scientific simulation problems in fields such as molecular chemistry and materials science. Quantum computing has advanced rapidly in recent years, and the hardware development is nearing a level of sophistication where it is possible to construct a quantum computer that may outperform classical computers in solving certain problems. The Software-Tailored Architecture for Quantum co-design (STAQ) project brings together a group of physicists, computer scientists, and engineers to construct a quantum computer capable of showing an advantage over current computer technology. The project also supports the development of educational tools and a quantum information workforce.A quantum computer can exhibit an advantage over standard computers when the quantum computer is large enough that brute force simulation strategies become infeasible and a quantum algorithm is sufficiently complex that approximate computational methods do not provide accurate results. The STAQ project aims to utilize this quantum advantage by building ion trap quantum computers with 64 or more qubits and developing quantum algorithms suitable for noisy quantum devices. This ambitious task will be enabled by a software stack that optimally maps the quantum algorithms onto the ion trap device and allows for the algorithms and hardware to be designed together. The project requires a wide range of expertise to achieve the scientific goal. The team consists of ion trap experimentalists, quantum information theorists, and computer architects. STAQ will organize a Quantum Ideas School, which will recruit a diverse group of students into quantum information and help retrain current industrial scientists for this emerging field. This project advances the objectives of two of 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments: "The Quantum Leap: Leading the Next Quantum Revolution" and "Growing Convergent Research at NSF". The 10 big ideas will push forward the frontiers of U.S. research, provide innovative approaches to solve some of the most pressing problems the world faces, as well as lead to discoveries not yet known. This project also advances the third objective of the National Strategic Computing Initiative (NSCI), an effort aimed at developing new technological capabilities in the post-Moore's Law era.This project is supported by the Division of Physics in the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, the Division of Computing and Communication Foundations in the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, and the Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems in the Directorate for Engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.