Unveiling the Physics and Progenitors of Cosmic Explosions with a One Day Cadence Supernova Search

超新星是理解宇宙化学和恒星形成历史的关键。尽管取得了进展，但关于超新星的一些最基本的问题仍然存在，这个提议试图回答这个问题：超新星的爆炸机制和前身恒星系统是什么？在爆炸后的几个小时到几天内，超新星提供了它们如何爆炸的线索，以及它们的祖先恒星系统是什么。PI将对附近星系进行为期3年、为期1天的节奏超新星搜索，预计在爆炸后1天内发现约30颗极年轻的超新星。这将有助于确定哪种类型的恒星会爆炸成特定类型的超新星。通过这项研究，一批不同的本科生将接受技术技能方面的培训，并在科学或教育事业中担任领导角色。他们将参与研究的所有阶段，他们将在德克萨斯理工大学的戈特天文台领导一项工作，以获得SNE的光曲线。PI将使用Prompt望远镜对40Mpc以内的星系进行夜间观测。LCOGT的弗洛伊德光谱仪将立即观测到所发现的超新星。他们预计在爆炸的一天内发现大约10颗Ia型超新星和大约20颗核心坍塌超新星。对于Ia型超新星，该团队将研究与56Ni分布有关的早期光曲线特征，以及超新星喷出物与任何非简并伴星之间的震荡特征。他们还将寻找最有可能与伴星白矮星有关的碳材料。对于核心坍塌的超新星，研究小组将见证前驱恒星表面的冲击波爆发，以及随后在最初几个小时到之后几天的冷却，这使得测量前驱恒星的半径和星周物质组成成为可能。这些结果将被用来约束每一颗超新星的前身和爆炸机制。所有超新星的发现都将在发现后立即公布，以便于快速后续观测。

Supernovae are linchpins for understanding the chemical and star formation history of the Universe. Despite progress, some of the most basic questions about supernovae persist, and this proposal seeks to answer the question: What are the explosion mechanisms and progenitor star systems of supernovae? In the early hours to days after explosion, supernovae provide clues to how they explode, and what their progenitor star systems were. The PI will carry out a 3-year, one-day-cadence supernova search of nearby galaxies, which is expected to discover about 30 extremely young supernovae within 1 day of explosion. This will help determine which type of stars explode into particular types of supernovae. Through this research, a diverse set of undergraduate students will be trained in technical skills and t to take leadership roles in scientific or educational careers. They will be involved in all phases of the research, and they will lead an effort at Texas Tech's Gott Observatory to obtain light curves of SNe. The PI will use the prompt telescope to conduct a nightly survey of galaxies within 40 Mpc. Discovered supernovae will immediately be observed with the FLOYDS spectrographs at LCOGT. They expect to discover around 10 type Ia supernovae and about 20 core collapse supernovae within 1 day of explosion. For type Ia supernovae, the team will study early light curve signatures related to the distribution of 56Ni and of shocking between the supernova ejecta and any non-degenerate companion star. They will also hunt for the carbon material most likely associated with a companion progenitor white dwarf. For core collapse supernovae, the team will witness the shock breakout from the surface of the progenitor star, and the subsequent cooling in the initial hours to days afterwards, which allows for a measurement of the progenitor star's radius and circumstellar material composition. The results will be used to constrain the progenitor and explosion mechanism of each supernova. All supernovae discoveries will be made public immediately after discovery to facilitate rapid follow-up observations.