IBSS: Global Urbanization and Housing Affordability: Poverty, Property, and the City

据估计，全世界有3.3亿城市家庭居住在不合标准或负担不起的住房中。到2025年，这一数字预计将攀升至4.4亿个家庭，代表16亿人口。这个跨学科的研究项目将从全球角度分析城市化加速和住房成本上升的后果。通过关注几个以不同方式应对经济适用房短缺的主要城市，该项目将为不同政府政策的有效性和意想不到的后果提供新的理解。该研究小组将就全球城市化进程、住房与贫困之间的关系以及不断扩大的城市对大规模环境的影响产生新的数据和分析。该项目将就各种战略、政策和应对措施的有效性和意想不到的后果得出与政策相关的结论。研究人员将记录某些思想和法律的发展如何导致当前的危机，这将为规划者和其他决策者提供经验教训。该项目还将对危机造成的人力成本进行分类，并记录住房政策的日常运作情况，为政策制定者提供对问题复杂性的新见解。通过对四个不同大洲的四个城市（美国的纽约、英国的伦敦、尼日利亚的拉各斯和印度的德里）的分析，研究人员将通过探索历史记录、当前的住房供应策略以及在远离城市的地区发生的一系列社会和环境变革来确定全球经济适用住房危机的主要来源。他们将记录经济适用房危机的多重后果，包括历史上剥夺和土地圈地的过程，当今高成本城市中低收入家庭的生存策略，以及加速城市化的更广泛趋势。他们还将评估为什么城市以截然不同的方式应对经济适用房危机，以及这些不同的反应对低收入家庭、城市和周边环境的影响。调查人员将分析基础设施和财产关系、城市贫困和住房市场动态、移民模式以及资本和其他资源的流动。历史地质解析算法将分析一个庞大的档案来源文本数据库，这些数据库记录了20世纪世界范围内的产权纠纷。在四个重点城市进行的人种学田野调查将记录低收入居民的日常生活，并分析不同的住房政策如何在基层发挥作用。宏观空间和地理方法将绘制连接城市及其腹地的基础设施系统的大规模数据，突出显示领土和资源。本项目由美国国家科学基金会跨学科行为与社会科学研究（IBSS）竞赛资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

An estimated 330 million urban households worldwide live in substandard or unaffordable housing. By 2025, that number is expected to climb to 440 million households, representing 1.6 billion people. This interdisciplinary research project will analyze the ramifications of accelerating urbanization and rising housing costs in global perspective. By focusing on several major cities that are responding to affordable housing shortages in different ways, this project will provide new understanding regarding the effectiveness and unanticipated consequences of different government policies. The research team will generate new data and analyses about processes of global urbanization, the relationship between housing and poverty, and the large-scale environmental impact of expanding cities. The project will produce policy-relevant findings regarding the effectiveness and unanticipated consequences of various strategies, policies, and responses. The researchers will document how the development of certain ideas and laws helped to contribute to the current crisis, which will provide lessons for planners and other decision makers. The project also will catalogue the human costs of the crisis and record how housing policies work on a day-to-day basis, offering policy makers new insights into the complex nature of the problem.Through their analysis of four cities on four different continents (New York in the U.S., London in the United Kingdom, Lagos in Nigeria, and Delhi in India), the investigators will identify key sources of the global affordable housing crisis by exploring the historical record, present-day strategies of housing provision, and a range of social and environmental transformations taking place in territories far removed from the city. They will document multiple consequences of the affordable housing crisis, including historical processes of dispossession and land enclosure, present-day survival strategies of low-income families in high-cost cities, and broader trends of accelerated urbanization. They also will assess why cities have responded to the affordable housing crisis in vastly different ways as well as the consequences of those varied responses for low-income families, cities, and surrounding environments. The investigators will analyze infrastructure and property relations, urban poverty and housing market dynamics, migration patterns, and flows of capital and other resources. Historical geoparsing algorithms will analyze a large textual database of archival sources that document the worldwide contestation of property rights in the 20th century. Ethnographic fieldwork in the four focal cities will document the everyday lives of low-income residents and analyze how different housing policies play out on the ground level. Macrospatial and geographic methods will map large-scale data about infrastructural systems to connect cities and their hinterlands, highlighting territories and resource. This project is supported through the NSF Interdisciplinary Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (IBSS) competition.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.