RAPID/Collaborative Research: Japan-U.S. Collaboration on the Seismic Resilience of Wood-frame Building Systems

轻型木结构单户和多户住宅代表了美国住宅建筑的大部分，并形成了国家福利的重要基础设施。 虽然在过去的十年中取得了重大进展，以更好地了解木结构建筑系统的地震反应，并确定可持续的抗震改造方法，大多数研究只集中在结构系统和非结构部件的反应。构建与生命线组件的交互（例如，公用事业管道系统）和地震事件期间的土壤-结构相互作用尚未通过分析或实验进行广泛研究。快速反应研究（RAPID）将支持美国大学的研究人员团队与日本大学的研究人员合作，对木结构建筑系统进行实验性地震研究，该研究将于2019年初在日本三木的世界上最大的振动台（E-Defense）进行。 该RAPID项目的目标是收集时间敏感的数据，并计划在E-Defense振动台上对两个全尺寸的三层木结构建筑进行实验研究的有效载荷测试，这是日本文部科学省和国家地球科学和灾害复原力研究所（NIED）支持的“东京都复原力项目”的子项目。这项研究的成果将包括一个数据库，使用NSF支持的自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）自然灾害侦察设施设备（https：//rapid.designsafe-ci.org/）的先进技术记录，关于典型木结构建筑系统的抗震性能，可持续抗震改造方法的效率，以及复杂的土壤-结构-非结构-生命线相互作用。 来自这些实验测试的数据可用于推进计算模型，用于预测建筑性能、维修时间和事后功能率。这项研究的结果还将使决策者能够更好地了解住宅单元的多个属性之间的相互依赖性和各种抗震改造技术的效率，并将有助于规划和投资，以减少地震脆弱性。收集的数据将在NSF支持的NHERI数据库（https：//www.designsafe-ci.org/）中存档并公开提供。该项目将培养一名研究生，并促进日本和美国同事之间的国际合作，通过NSF支持的NHERI与日本NIED建立的伙伴关系，共同努力提高木结构建筑系统在城市环境中的适应力。该项目的研究结果将通过公共网络研讨会以及NHERI网站（https：//www.example.com）上的播客进行传播。在该RAPID项目中，日本和美国的合作研究小组将调查在E-Defense振动台上测试的木结构建筑系统的地震恢复力，并测试各种地震改造/修复解决方案，以提高城市社区的恢复力。www.designsafe-ci.org日本的木结构住宅建筑设计与美国的住宅设计相当相似。 该项目有两个目标：（1）在电子防御测试期间收集不同地震强度水平的损坏和维修/恢复数据，直到结构完全倒塌，考虑结构和非结构部件的相互作用、土壤-结构相互作用和生命线效用性能（既适用于传统设计，也适用于抗震改造的解决方案），以及（2）确定有效载荷项目的机会，如改造、各种实用系统和非结构部件。收集的数据将用于建立一个基于地震灾害特性，人类决策过程，建筑和改造属性，以及经济因素之间的复杂的相互作用的评估房屋恢复的整体性能。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

Light-frame wood single- and multi- family dwellings represent the majority of the residential building stock in the United States and form an important underpinning infrastructure for national welfare. Although significant progress has been made during the past decade to better understand the seismic response of wood-frame building systems and identify sustainable seismic retrofit methods, most studies have focused only on the structural system and nonstructural component response. Building interactions with lifeline components (e.g., utility piping systems) and soil-structure interaction during seismic events have not been widely investigated either analytically or experimentally. This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will support a team of researchers from U.S. universities to collaborate with researchers from Japanese universities on experimental seismic studies of wood-frame building systems that will be conducted at the world's largest shake table (E-Defense) in Miki, Japan in early 2019. The goal of this RAPID project is to collect time-sensitive data and plan payload tests for the experimental studies at the E-Defense shake table on two full-scale, three-story wood-frame buildings as a sub-project of the "Tokyo Metropolitan Resilience Project" supported in Japan by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED). The outcomes of this research will include a database, recorded using the advanced technologies of the NSF-supported Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) Natural Hazards Reconnaissance Facility equipment (https://rapid.designsafe-ci.org/), on the seismic performance of typical wood-frame building systems, the efficiency of sustainable seismic retrofit methods, and the complex soil-structural-nonstructural-lifeline interactions. The data from these experimental tests can be used to advance computational models for the prediction of building performance, repair times, and post-event functionality rates. The results of this research will also enable decision-makers to better understand the nature of interdependency between the multiple attributes of a residential unit and the efficiency of the various seismic retrofit techniques and will assist in planning and investments to reduce seismic vulnerability. The collected data will be archived and made publicly available in the NSF-supported NHERI Data Depot (https://www.designsafe-ci.org/). This project will train a graduate student and promote international collaboration between Japanese and U.S. colleagues working together on enhancing the resilience of wood-frame building systems in urban environments through the established partnership of the NSF-supported NHERI with Japan's NIED. The findings of this project will be disseminated through a public webinar as well as podcasts on the NHERI web site (https://www.designsafe-ci.org).In this RAPID project, the collaborative Japanese and U.S. research team will investigate the seismic resilience of wood-frame building systems tested at the E-Defense shake table as well as testing various seismic retrofit/repair solutions for enhancing urban community resilience. The design of wood-frame residential construction in Japan is considerably comparable to U.S. residential design. The objectives of this project are twofold: (1) collect damage and repair/restoration data during the E-Defense tests for different levels of seismic intensity until complete structural collapse, accounting for the interaction of structural and nonstructural components, soil-structure interaction, and lifeline utility performance (both for conventional designs as well as for solutions with seismic retrofits), and (2) identify opportunities for payload projects such as retrofits, various utility systems, and nonstructural components. The collected data will be used to establish a holistic performance of housing recovery based on the assessment of the complex interaction among seismic hazard characteristics, human decision-making processes, building and retrofit attributes, and economic factors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.