Collaborative Research: Investigations of Wind-Driven Exchange and Long-Wave Modulation of Surface Fluxes Under Strong Wind Conditions Using OOI Data

美国国家科学基金会制定了海洋观测站计划，以便在各种各样的地点进行连续测量，从而前所未有地了解世界海洋和海洋大气环境。OOI的一个主要主题是海洋-大气交换，在OOI规划期间被确定为“对提高风暴预报和气候变化模型的预测能力至关重要。“该项目将允许在中到强风条件下访问OOI DC通量系泊处的通量，波浪和洋流的新质量控制和连续强风测量-这些数据应该为评估这些预测模型打开新的窗口，并支持OOI Pioneer，Endurance和Global站点正在进行和未来的过程研究。该项目将利用这些观测结果，以提高我们对大气，表面波场和底层海洋之间相互作用的详细了解，以及测试，改进和验证参数化，这些参数化估计作为其他更容易观察或建模的参数的函数的至关重要的风应力。这项研究的预期更广泛的影响包括高中学生的STEM培训，OOI研究基础设施的增强，以及学术界，工业界和联邦机构之间的伙伴关系的增加。这些将通过参与WHOI计划来实现，该计划旨在为高中生开发海洋学高级顶点课程，专门的OOI通量数据开发活动，以支持使用这些平台进行扩大的科学调查，并向更广泛的研究社区提供广泛寻求的强风条件现场测量数据集，包括风应力和浮力通量。这项研究将调查在中等到极端风速下驱动波浪和水流的湍流动量交换。该项目的主要目标是：（1）验证和/或改进以中到高风速的动量通量为参数的整体海气通量算法，以减少因缺乏15-25米/秒范围内的测量而产生的不确定性;（2）进行过程研究，调查风浪反馈机制，以解决波龄、波陡和方向差异的影响（例如，（3）使用OOI方向波谱数据和高速率共谱通量估算，对大涡模拟和几个预报中心的风浪数值模拟活动中采用的现有地表通量参数化进行检验。这项研究预计将推进阻力系数参数化的评估和改进，并探索新的基础上的物理参数和见解，从连续OOI测量。这些参数化的改进是发展耦合海浪大气模型的关键组成部分。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

The Ocean Observatory Initiative (OOI) has been developed by NSF to provide continuous measurements at a wide variety of locations for unprecedented access to the world's oceans and marine atmospheric environment. A major theme of the OOI is Ocean-Atmosphere Exchange, which was identified during OOI planning as "critical to improving the predictive capabilities of storm forecasting and climate-change models." This project will allow access to new quality-controlled and continuous high-wind measurement of fluxes, waves and ocean currents at the OOI DC flux moorings under moderate to high wind conditions - data that should open new windows for evaluation of these forecast models as well as support for ongoing and future process studies at the OOI Pioneer, Endurance and Global sites. This project will take advantage of these observations to improve our detailed understanding of the interaction between the atmosphere, the surface wave field, and the underlying ocean, as well as to test, improve and validate parameterizations which estimate the critically important wind stress as a function of other, more easily observed or modeled parameters. Expected broader impacts from this research include STEM training of high school students, an enhancement to the OOI research infrastructure, and increased partnerships between academia, industry and federal agencies. These will be achieved through participation in a WHOI program aimed at developing a senior-level capstone course in Oceanography for high school students, dedicated OOI flux data development activities to support expanded science investigation using these platforms, and provision to the broader research community of widely sought after high-wind condition field measurement datasets including wind stress and buoyancy flux. This research will investigate the turbulent exchange of momentum that drives waves and currents at moderate to extreme wind speeds. The primary objectives of this project are (1) validate and/or improve bulk air-sea flux algorithms that parameterize the momentum flux at moderate to high wind speeds to reduce the uncertainty resulting from the scarcity of measurements in the 15-25 m/s range; (2) conduct process studies to investigate wind-wave feedback mechanisms that address the impact of wave-age, wave-steepness and directional differences (e.g., between the wind, wave and stress fields) using OOI directional wave spectral data and high-rate co-spectral flux estimates; and (3) use the sum of these investigations to test existing parameterizations of surface fluxes being employed in LES and numerical wind and wave modeling activities at several forecast centers. This study is expected to advance the evaluation and improvement of drag coefficient parameterizations and explore new ones based on physical arguments and insights gained from the continuous OOI measurements. The improvement of these parameterizations is a crucial component in the development of coupled ocean-wave-atmosphere models.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.