Collaborative Research: Community Facility Support: Centers for Transformative Environmental Monitoring Programs (CTEMPs)

根据该赠款提供的支持将允许：1）继续向地球科学界提供高分辨率温度传感设备，使用最近扩大的基于光纤的分布式温度传感仪器池; 2）开发和推广使用主动加热光纤传感器测量土壤湿度和流体流量，3）支持地球科学界小型无人驾驶飞机系统（sUAS）的用户，提供仪器和使命培训; 4）开发利用3D打印、现代传感器和微处理器的创新环境传感器系统，以及无处不在的无线通信。 变革性环境监测项目中心（CTEMPs）设施将通过正式指定为水文科学促进联盟（CUAHSI）水文测量设施（HMF）节点以及与CUAHSI达成正式协议来提供实践培训和知识传播，以促进每年举办两次实践研讨会以及在俄勒冈州立大学和北卡罗来纳大学校园进行培训。外联活动还将包括通过UNR的系统集成实验室为无人驾驶飞机的地球科学用户提供使命培训服务，以及广泛的研讨会和黑客松，以制定一项战略，支持传播新的传感系统，扩大OPENS实验室的影响。 这种支持与NSF的使命是一致的，即促进科学进步和促进国家健康，繁荣和福利，因为有针对性的研究具有社会意义，旨在了解全球和区域水循环和气候变化的影响，对改善水资源管理以及收购对培训下一代科学工作人员的影响。该补助金为俄勒冈州州立大学（PI：Selker）和内华达州里诺大学（PI：泰勒）之间的合作努力提供运营设施支持，以便在未来四年的CTEMPs中继续/不断发展。CTEMPs为以下方面提供社区支持：1）使用光纤拉曼后向散射分布式温度传感（Raman）的规划、培训、设备贷款和现场实施; 2）sUAS设备和任务的规划和培训;地球科学界参与开发利用3D打印、现代传感器和微处理器的创新传感器系统，以及无处不在的无线通信，通过一个新的CTEMPs分支称为“公开发布的环境传感（OPENS）”实验室。DTS允许对地球科学和环境应用中的温度空间和时间分布进行前所未有的观察，包括但不限于雪、地下水和流域水文学、水生和陆地生态学、岩溶地质学、土壤科学（包括永久冻土研究）、物理湖沼学和海洋学、微气象学和冰川学。高分辨率遥感系统允许以高时间频率（1 Hz）对0.25至10，000 m长度范围内的河底、湖泊或河口底部、积雪、土壤层或大气温度进行高空间（= 0.25 m）和高精度（精度达0.02 oC）观测。当放置在溪流或河流中时，光纤传感器可以观察每个地下水流入的位置，温度和流量，计算精确的热预算以确定潜流交换，并观察对成功招募仔鱼至关重要的微热栖息地。CTEMPs卫星导航系统已部署在所有七大洲的国家科学基金资助的研究项目中，并继续需要水文和地球科学实地活动。无人驾驶飞机支助包括摄影测量、热和高光谱遥感，今后的工作将侧重于社区培训和支助。鲁棒、低成本传感器、微处理器和无线通信的出现使变革性的地球传感系统成为可能，但需要地球科学中不常见的技术专长。在25个成功项目的跟踪记录的基础上，俄勒冈州立大学将探索在CTEMPs-OPENS实验室社区基础设施的制度化。 CTEMPs-OPENS将探索如何整合核心技术能力和与地球科学界的联系，以加速变革性测量系统的传播和应用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Support under this grant will allow for: 1) continued provision of high resolution temperature sensing equipment to the geosciences community using a recently expanded fiber optic-based distributed temperature sensing (DTS) instrument pool; 2) development and promotion of the use of actively heated optical fiber sensing for the measurement of soil moisture and fluid flux, 3) support to the earth science community users of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) with both instrumentation and mission training and 4) development of innovative environmental sensor systems that leverage 3-D printing, contemporary sensors and micro-processors, as well as ubiquitous wireless communication. The Center for Transformative Environmental Monitoring Programs (CTEMPs) facility will offer hands-on training and knowledge dissemination, through its formal designation as a Consortium for the Advancement of the Hydrologic Sciences (CUAHSI) Hydrologic Measurement Facility (HMF) Node and formal agreements with CUAHSI to promote two hands-on workshops per year as well as training on both the OSU and UNR campuses. Outreach will also include mission training services for earth sciences users of unmanned aircraft through UNR's Systems Integration Laboratory, and extensive workshops and hackathons to develop a strategy to support dissemination of novel sensing systems to expand the impact of the OPEnS Lab. This support is congruent with NSFs mission of promoting the progress of science and advancing the national health, prosperity and welfare given the societal relevance of targeted research aimed at understanding global and regional water cycles and climate change impacts with implications for improved water resource management and the impact of the acquisition on training the next generation scientific workforce. This grant provides operational facility support for a collaborative effort between Oregon State University (PI: Selker) and the University of Nevada Reno (PI: Tyler) to allow for continued/evolving operations over the next four year of CTEMPs. CTEMPs offers community support for 1) planning, training, equipment loan and field implementation using fiber optic Raman backscatter Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS); 2) planning and training for sUAS equipment and missions; and 3) Earth Science community engagement in the development of innovative sensor systems that leverage 3-D printing, contemporary sensors and micro-processors, as well as ubiquitous wireless communication through the a new arm of CTEMPs called the "Openly Published Environmental Sensing (OPEnS)" Lab. DTS allows for unprecedented observation of the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature for geoscience and environmental applications including but not limited to, snow, groundwater and watershed hydrology, aquatic and terrestrial ecology, karst geology, soil science (including permafrost studies), physical limnology and oceanography, micrometeorology and glaciology. High resolution DTS systems allow for high spatial (= 0.25 m) and high accuracy (precision to 0.02 oC) observations of river bottom, lake, or estuary bottom, snow pack, soil horizon or atmospheric temperatures over length scales from 0.25 to 10,000 m at high temporal frequency (1 Hz). When placed in a stream or river, fiber optic DTS allows for observation of the location, temperature, and flux of each groundwater inflow, calculation of an exact heat budget to determine hyporheic exchange, and observation of micro-thermal habitats critical to successful larval fish recruitment. CTEMPs DTS systems have been deployed on NSF-funded research projects located on all seven continents and continue to be in demand for hydrologic and earth science field campaigns. Unmanned aircraft support has included photogrammetry, thermal and hyperspectral remote sensing, and future efforts will focus on community training and support. The advent of robust, low-cost sensors, micro-processors, and wireless communication makes possible transformative earth sensing systems, but requires technical expertise that is not common in the earth sciences. Building on a track record of 25 successful projects, OSU will explore the institutionalization of the community infrastructure in the CTEMPs-OPEnS Lab. CTEMPs-OPEnS will explore how to integrate central technical capabilities and outreach to the earth science communities to accelerate the dissemination and application of transformative measurement systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.