The Holocene and Anthropocene as windows into the future of marine systems

古海洋学记录为了解生态系统如何应对过去的快速环境变化提供了一个独特的机会，这是一个具有重大社会和科学意义的话题。该项目将记录过去几千年来南加州近岸环境的生态变化，包括调查过去和现在气候变化的影响。这项工作特别重要，因为这些沿海生态系统在碳固存、海洋渔业、沿海经济和营养循环方面发挥着关键作用。作为一项综合努力的一部分，加州科学院(CAS)将对沿加州边缘收集的化石样本进行编目、数字化和识别。这些材料将与现有沉积物岩心的样品结合起来，开发一个公共在线数字数据库，研究界可通过该数据库获取项目数据和结果。加州大学戴维斯分校(UCD)每年有两名研究生与中科院工作人员密切合作，接受核心管理和数据库开发方面的培训。此外，该项目还支持加州大学戴维斯分校和加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的两名博士生和本科生研究实习生的培训。该项目还支持博德加海洋实验室每年为两名在K-12 STEM教学领域寻求职业生涯的本科生提供基于现场和实验室的密集课程和指导研究。将建立一个研究博客，以培养参与该项目的本科生、研究生和技术人员的科学交流和写作技能。为了完成这项研究，研究小组将利用加州边缘的沉积物记录来解决两个关键问题：1)全新世期间现代氧气极小区的发展如何影响海洋生态系统，包括多个阶段的扰动和恢复？2)在十年-百年尺度变化的背景下，我们能否确定人类世对海洋生态的影响？该团队将利用最近的海洋沉积物重建海洋微化石对自然和人为环境扰动的反应。这项研究将利用一套现有的沉积档案(20多个活塞、盒子和多个岩心)、中等高的沉积速率和可用的地球化学记录来识别和解释后生动物和原生动物组合。微化石组合将提供一个框架，以了解加州边缘过去、现代和未来的气候和海洋过程。这些结果可以直接与现代的工具记录相比较，并被用来更好地预测该地区未来环境变化的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Paleoceanographic records provide a unique opportunity to understand how ecosystems have responded to rapid environmental change in the past, a topic of significant societal and scientific interest. This project will document ecological changes in nearshore environments over the past several thousand years in Southern California, including investigation of impacts of both past and modern climate change. This work is of particular importance because these coastal ecosystems play critical roles in carbon sequestration, marine fisheries, coastal economies, and cycling of nutrients. As part of an integrated effort, the California Academy of Sciences (CAS) will catalog, digitize and identify fossil samples collected along the California margin. These materials will be combined with samples from available sediment cores to develop a public online digital database through which the research community may access project data and results. Two graduate students per year from the University of California Davis (UCD) will work closely with CAS staff to receive training in core curation and database development. In addition, this project supports the training of two Ph.D. students, and undergraduate research interns at UC Davis and UC Santa Barbara. The project also supports intensive field and laboratory based coursework and mentored research at Bodega Marine Laboratory for two undergraduates per year who are pursuing careers in K-12 STEM teaching. A research blog will be generated to develop scientific communication and writing skills in undergraduate, graduate students and technicians involved in this project. To complete this research, the research team will use sediment records from along the California margin to address two key questions: 1) How did the development of the modern oxygen minimum zone during the Holocene influence marine ecosystems, including multiple stages of perturbation and recovery? 2) Can we identify the marine ecological impacts of the Anthropocene, against a background of decadal-centennial scale variability? The team will utilize recent marine sediments to reconstruct marine microfossil response to both natural and anthropogenic environmental perturbation. This research will utilize a suite of available sedimentary archives (over 20 piston, box and multi cores), with moderately high sedimentation rates and available geochemical records, to identify and interpret metazoan and protistan assemblages. Microfossil assemblages will provide a framework to understand past, modern and future climate and oceanographic processes along the California margin. These results can be directly compared to modern instrumental records, and utilized to better predict future impacts of environmental change in this region.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.