Collaborative Research:Framework:Software:NSCI:Enzo for the Exascale Era (Enzo-E)

宇宙中星系和类星体形成的最早阶段很快就会被新一代强大的地面和太空天文台所探索。在未来十年中，使用大型综合巡天望远镜和詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜对早期宇宙进行广泛而深入的天文调查将彻底改变我们对星系和类星体起源的理解，并有助于限制暗物质的性质，暗物质是宇宙中主要的物质组成。对这些天体的形成进行详细的物理模拟，对于理解即将到来的观测数据过剩，并最大限度地提高这些仪器的科学回报，是不可或缺的帮助。在这个项目中，加州大学圣地亚哥分校、哥伦比亚大学、佐治亚理工学院和密歇根州立大学的研究人员正在合作，目标是为下一代超级计算机开发下一代社区模拟软件框架，用于年轻宇宙的宇宙学模拟。本科生和研究生将直接参与软件开发，并将其应用于几个前沿宇宙学研究课题。将产生的软件框架将作为开源软件进行传播，以便对天体物理学主题进行更广泛的科学探索。该项目汇集了开源Enzo自适应网格细化（AMR）流体动力学宇宙学代码的主要开发人员，他们将把其软件组件移植到新开发的AMR软件框架Cello上。Cello在强大的Charm++并行对象系统之上实现了高度可扩展的八叉树数组AMR算法。这个名为Enzo-E的新框架旨在扩展和扩展到数百万个处理器，目标是未来的百亿亿级高性能计算（HPC）系统。通过这个项目，整个Enzo社区将有一条可行的道路来实现前所未有的规模和范围的百亿亿次模拟。研究人员选择了三个宇宙学前沿问题来推动Enzo-E框架的发展：(1)第一代恒星和黑洞组装成第一代星系；(2)宇宙射线在驱动星系外流中的作用；(3)星系间介质从宇宙黎明到今天的演变。年度开发人员研讨会和软件发布将使更广泛的研究社区了解并参与到开发中来。该项目由计算机与信息科学与工程理事会的高级网络基础设施办公室和数学与物理科学理事会的天文科学部提供支持。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The earliest stages of the formation of galaxies and quasars in the universe are soon to be explored with a powerful new generation of ground and space-based observatories. Broad and deep astronomical surveys of the early universe beginning in the next decade using the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope will revolutionize our understanding of the origin of galaxies and quasars, and help constrain the nature of the dark matter which is the dominant matter constituent in the universe. Detailed physical simulations that model the formation of these objects are an indispensible aid to understanding the coming glut of observational data, and to maximize the scientific return of these instruments. In this project, investigators at the Univ. California San Diego, Columbia Univ., Georgia Tech, and Michigan State Univ. are collaborating with the goal of developing a next generation community simulation software framework for the coming generation of supercomputers for cosmological simulations of the young universe. Undergraduate and graduate students will be directly involved in the software development as well as its application to several frontier cosmological research topics. The software framework that will be produced will be disseminated as open source software to enable a much broader range of scientific explorations of astrophysical topics. The project brings together the key developers of the open source Enzo adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) hydrodynamic cosmology code, who will port its software components to a newly developed AMR software framework called Cello. Cello implements the highly scalable array-of-octrees AMR algorithm on top of the powerful Charm++ parallel object system. Designed to be extensible and scalable to millions of processors, the new framework, called Enzo-E, will target exascale high performance computing (HPC) systems of the future. Through this project, the entire Enzo community will have a viable path to exascale simulations of unprecedented size and scope. The investigators have chosen three frontier problems in cosmology to drive the development of the Enzo-E framework: (1) the assembly of the first generation of stars and black holes into the first galaxies; (2) the role of cosmic rays in driving galactic outflows; and (3) the evolution of the intergalactic medium from cosmic dawn to the present day. Annual developer workshops and software releases will keep the broader research community informed and involved in the developments.This project is supported by the Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure in the Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering and the Division of Astronomical Sciences in the Directorate of Mathematical and Physical Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.