Conference support: DAWN-IV - Dawn of Gravitational Wave Astronomy and Astrophysics meeting

该奖项支持美国科学家参加DAWN系列的第四次研讨会，DAWN IV-引力波天文学全球战略-将于2018年8月30日至31日在荷兰阿姆斯特丹举行。会议由Virgo项目附属的NIKHEF主办，国际委员会负责研讨会的科学组织。会议的主要目标是讨论下一代地基引力波（GW）探测器的科学和研发要求以及全球探测器网络管理的不同选择。&数十名美国科学家现在参与了引力波国际委员会（GWIC）委托的一项研究，以评估在地面上建造比先进探测器灵敏10到30倍的探测器的科学价值。DAWN IV对参与这项研究的人来说是一次至关重要的会议。在过去的三年里，LIGO和Virgo发现的双黑洞和双中子星星合并已经开始对我们对基础物理学，天体物理学和宇宙学的理解产生巨大影响。合并的双黑洞是强场引力的试验台;它们是理解黑洞周围动力学视界的唯一途径。相比之下，对合并中子星的观测已经证实，它们是短而硬的伽马射线爆发的祖先，也是重元素形成的场所。在整个电磁波段和GW窗口同时观测GW 170817，开创了多信使天体物理学和宇宙学的新时代，使哈勃常数的首次测量成为可能。本次研讨会将完成三个主要目标：（一）确定更广泛的物理学家和天体物理学家社区，以促进GW实验中新思想的注入，（二）讨论增加少数群体参与所需的步骤，从而提高GW科学的多样性，以及（三）确定与资助机构和政府以及公众参与的接口战略。该研讨会将确保NSF资助的美国科学家在GW天文学的新兴领域的领导地位。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

This award supports the attendance of US scientists to the fourth workshop in the DAWN series, DAWN IV - Global Strategies for Gravitational Wave Astronomy - which will take place in Amsterdam, Netherlands, during August 30-31, 2018. The meeting is hosted by NIKHEF, affiliated to the Virgo project, with an international committee in charge of the scientific organization of the workshop. The main goal of the meeting is to discuss the science and R&D requirements for the next generation of ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors and the different options for the governance of a global detector network. Dozens of US scientists are now involved in a study commissioned by the Gravitational Wave International Committee (GWIC) to assess the scientific merit of building detectors on the ground that are 10 to 30 times more sensitive than advanced detectors. DAWN IV is a critical meeting for people involved in this study.LIGO and Virgo discoveries of binary black hole and binary neutron star mergers in the past three years have already begun to make a huge impact in our understanding of fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Merging binary black holes are test beds of strong field gravity; they are the only way to understand dynamical horizons around black holes. In contrast, observation of coalescing neutron stars has confirmed that they are the progenitors of short, hard, gamma-ray bursts and sites where heavy elements are formed. Simultaneous observation of GW170817 across the entire electromagnetic band and the GW window has ushered in a new era in multi-messenger astrophysics and cosmology, enabling the first ever measurement of the Hubble constant. This workshop will accomplish three main objectives: (i) identify the broader community of physicists and astrophysicists to facilitate infusion of new ideas in GW experiments, (ii) discuss steps that are necessary to increase participation of minority groups and hence enhance the diversity within the GW science, and (iii) determine strategies for interfacing with funding agencies and governments, and public engagements. The workshop will assure leadership of NSF-funded US scientists in the emerging area of GW astronomy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.