CAREER: Extreme climate perturbations by meteorite impacts and volcanism on terrestrial planets

地球仍然是目前已知的唯一有生命存在的行星。火星是我们在太阳系中研究得最好的邻居，众所周知，它在过去曾间歇性地适合居住。这里提出的工作将阐明塑造这两颗行星的过程。地球和火星都经历过火山活动和巨大的撞击。有证据表明，火星表面有液态水，当时它非常寒冷，但撞击和火山事件（两者都可能影响温度）非常常见。该项目将致力于同时解释这两个过程的影响，而不是分开。研究人员将使用计算机模型为不同程度的火山和撞击活动创造广泛的可能结果。这一结果将对太阳系外行星的研究和太阳系外行星的研究具有重要的参考价值。研究者将建立并扩展他在马萨诸塞州剑桥地区开始的5-7岁儿童外展计划。他与教师合作，在天文学和行星科学方面提供适合年龄的活动，他将让他的学生参与，让他们体验与公众互动的经验。该计划将解决太阳系中影响/火山气候强迫的三个关键问题。将考虑在3-4 Ga的河流侵蚀早期阶段撞击火星的作用。在地球上，将研究可能引发重要雪球事件的火山爆发的影响。最后，他将利用从这些案例研究中获得的洞察力，对任何类地行星（包括系外行星）的气候极端扰动做出一般性预测。他将使用最先进的建模工具，从1D循环模型开始，一直到3D模型。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Earth is still the only planet known to harbor life at the present. Mars, our best studied neighbor in the Solar System, is known to have been habitable intermittently in the past. The work proposed here will shed light on the processes that have shaped the two planets. Both Earth and Mars have undergone volcanism and giant impacts. There is evidence that Mars had surface liquid water at a time when it was very cold but impacts and volcanic events (both of which could affect the temperature) were extremely common. The project will work to explain the effects of these two processes simultaneously, rather than separately. The investigator will use computer models to create a wide range of possible outcomes for varying levels of volcanic and impact activity. The results will be useful to terrestrial exoplanet studies as well as to the Solar System. The investigator will build and expand upon an outreach program to children 5-7 years old that he has begun in the Cambridge, MA, area. He works with teachers to present age-appropriate activities in astronomy and planetary science, and he will involve his students to give them experience interacting with the public. The proposed program will address three key problems in impact/volcano climate forcing in the Solar System. The role of impacts on Mars in early episodes of fluvial erosion 3-4 Ga will be considered. On Earth, the effect of the eruptions that may have triggered an important Snowball event will be studied. Finally, he will use the insight gained from these case studies to make general predictions about extreme perturbations in climate for any terrestrial planet, including exoplanets. He will use state-of-the-art modeling tools, starting with 1D circulation models and working up to 3D models.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.