Collaborative Research: A National Assessment of Victimization Risk and Crime Reporting

美国的犯罪统计系统历来没有纳入公民身份的信息，因此几乎没有科学证据可以说明移民比本土出生的美国人更容易成为犯罪受害者。这样的信息缺失也意味着我们不知道移民是否比本地人更有可能向警方报案。该项目利用了最近重新设计的美国国家犯罪受害调查（NCVS），该调查增加了受访者的公民身份信息，首次对美国本土出生的公民、入籍公民和非公民的受害风险和犯罪报告进行了大规模比较。该项目的结果将揭示公民身份如何影响个人对犯罪的暴露程度，以及是否向警方报案的决定。此外，该项目将研究这些模式在来自不同种族和族裔群体的个人之间以及在移民政策和执法方法不同的社区中居住的人之间是否存在差异。该项目将通过提供有关美国居民犯罪受害模式和犯罪报告的关键信息，使各级政府的决策者受益。调查结果还将使警察领导层了解这些模式，从而有助于美国的安全和保障。该项目有三个主要目标：(1)评估NCVS中新的自我报告公民身份数据的质量，以便对任何观察到的无反应偏差进行调整（如果需要）；(2)研究公民身份对受害风险的影响，以及如何受个人和社区因素的制约；(3)考察公民身份对向警方报案的影响，以及它如何受到个人和社区条件的制约。该项目将整合来自重新设计的2016-2020年全国犯罪受害调查（NCVS）的全国代表性个人层面的受害和犯罪报告数据，以及来自美国社区调查（ACS）的社区层面数据和各种其他来源的数据，包括州移民立法报告、LexisNexis和移民和海关执法（ICE）文件。将评估多元逻辑回归模型以实现项目目标。研究结果将为美国快速变化的经济、人口和政治条件下的本土公民和外国出生的人的安全和福祉提供新的证据。该项目将提高对通过调查得出的公民身份衡量标准的质量的认识，并将首次在国家一级评估移民身份是否与受害风险和将犯罪事件通知警察的决定有关。这些发现将为有关犯罪、移民和公民身份的社会学理论，以及与犯罪受害和法律动员有关的犯罪学理论提供信息，并对政治学和调查方法方面的其他文献产生影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The U.S. crime statistics system historically has not incorporated information about citizenship status, and thus there is little scientific evidence that can inform whether immigrants are more or less likely than native-born Americans to be criminally victimized. Such an information deficit also means we do not know whether immigrants are more or less likely than natives to report crimes to the police. This project capitalizes on a recent redesign of the U.S. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which adds information about respondents' citizenship status, to offer the first large-scale comparison of victimization risk and crime reporting among U.S. native-born citizens, naturalized citizens, and non-citizens. The results of the project will reveal how citizenship status shapes personal exposure to crime and decisions about whether to report crimes to the police. Additionally, the project will examine whether these patterns vary among individuals from different racial and ethnic groups and among those who reside in communities with divergent approaches to immigration policy and law enforcement. The project will benefit policy-makers at all governmental levels by providing key information regarding patterns of crime victimization and crime reporting among U.S. residents. Findings will also inform police leadership regarding these patterns, thus contributing to U.S. safety and security.The project has three primary objectives: (1) to assess the quality of the new self-reported citizenship data in the NCVS for purposes of developing adjustments (if needed) for any observed nonresponse bias; (2) to examine the effect of citizenship status on victimization risk and how it may be conditioned by individual- and community-level factors; and (3) to examine the effect of citizenship status on crime reporting to the police and how it may be conditioned by individual- and community-level conditions. The project will integrate nationally representative individual-level data on victimization and crime reporting from the redesigned 2016-2020 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and community-level data from the American Community Survey (ACS) and a variety of other sources including reports of state immigration legislation, LexisNexis, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) documents. Multivariate logistic regression models will be estimated to achieve project objectives. The results will yield new evidence about the safety and well-being of native-born citizens and foreign-born persons in the context of rapidly changing economic, demographic, and political conditions in the US. The project will which enhance knowledge about the quality of survey-derived measures of citizenship and will provide the first ever assessment at the national level of whether immigrant status is associated with victimization risk and decisions to notify the police about crime incidents. These findings will inform sociological theories regarding crime, immigration and citizenship status, as well as criminological theories related to crime victimization and mobilization of the law, with implications for additional literatures in political science and survey methodology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.