Category I. Computing without Boundaries: Cyberinfrastructure for the Long Tail of Science

科学和工程依赖于一个日益复杂和集成的生态系统，包括先进的计算和数据系统、科学软件和专业知识，以进行研究，从而产生新的知识和发现，并提高国家的竞争力和公民的健康和福利。从地球上生命的基石到宇宙最深奥的奥秘，研究人员使用这种网络基础设施（CI）在更大的规模和复杂性上进行计算和分析。“无边界计算：科学长尾的网络基础设施”是加州大学圣地亚哥分校圣地亚哥超级计算机中心的一个转型项目，旨在解决这些挑战。该项目的核心是获取、部署和运行强大的超级计算机“广阔”，它将补充和扩展NSF的创新高性能计算（HPC）计划。以太网将：1)增加面向批量和科学网关计算的数千用户的容量和性能；2)提供新的功能，使研究越来越依赖于组成集成的、高度可用的CI的异构和分布式资源。以太坊将以系统软件、操作和支持方面的创新为特色，扩展其功能，远远超出物理系统的限制。通过与公共云和开放科学网格的集成，与科学网关社区研究所的合作，以及对可组合系统的支持，ethernet将成为更具包容性的国家CI的一部分。计算的长尾反映了科学、研究人员、他们的机构以及支持和操作CI的人的多样性。该项目将通过HPC@MSI等新举措向服务不足和资源不足的社区提供服务，该举措将通过快速接入分配将一部分以太坊分配给少数民族服务机构，以帮助他们快速使用这一强大的新资源。预计其峰值速度为5petaflop /s，将采用下一代英特尔中央处理器（cpu）、NVIDIA图形处理器（gpu）和Mellanox InfiniBand网络。它将由13个SDSC可扩展计算单元（sscu）组成，每个sscu包含56个CPU节点和4个GPU节点，以及超过60tb的分布式非易失性内存存储，供用户使用。sscu将集成12pb的Lustre并行文件系统和7pb的对象存储。SDSC及其合作伙伴戴尔和永旺计算将在加州大学圣地亚哥分校SDSC的节能数据中心部署以太坊。以太坊将以100gbps的速度连接到多个高性能研究和教育网络，并覆盖数千个需要高性能但规模适中的资源的用户。将调整分配和使用策略，以实现快速周转和响应。计算科学、数据密集型计算、科学工作流和大规模系统操作方面的专家将以最高的利用率、可靠性和可用性支持以太。通过与国家CI的整合，ethernet将实现新的计算和研究模型，这些模型需要HPC系统和模拟、实验数据分析和计算专业知识的全面补充，以支持和促进突破性科学。通过该项目获得的知识将导致算法、软件和系统管理工具的改进，以及对如何配置集成CI以支持新兴研究的更好理解。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Science and engineering rely upon an increasingly complex and integrated ecosystem of advanced computing and data systems, scientific software, and expertise to conduct research that leads to new knowledge and discovery, and improves the Nation's competitiveness and the health and welfare of its citizens. From the building blocks of life on earth to the deepest mysteries of the universe, researchers use this cyberinfrastructure (CI) to carry out computation and analysis at ever larger scales and complexity. Computing without Boundaries: Cyberinfrastructure for the Long Tail of Science is a transformational project from the San Diego Supercomputer Center at the University of California, San Diego, designed to address these challenges. The centerpiece of the project is the acquisition, deployment, and operation of Expanse, a powerful supercomputer that will complement and extend NSF's Innovative High-Performance Computing (HPC) program. Expanse will: 1) increase the capacity and performance for thousands of users of batch-oriented and science gateway computing; and 2) provide new capabilities that will enable research increasingly dependent upon heterogeneous and distributed resources composed into integrated and highly usable CI. Expanse will feature innovations in system software, operations, and support that extend its capabilities far beyond the limits of the physical system. Through its integration with the public cloud and the Open Science Grid, collaboration with the Science Gateway Community Institute, and support for composable systems, Expanse will become part of a more inclusive national CI. The long tail of computing reflects diversity in science, researchers, their institutions, and those who support and operate CI. The project will reach out to underserved and under-resourced communities, through new initiatives like HPC@MSI, which will allocate a portion of Expanse to Minority Serving Institutes via a rapid access allocation to help them quickly use this powerful new resource. Projected to have a peak speed of 5 Petaflop/s, Expanse will feature next-generation Intel Central Processing Units (CPUs), NVIDIA Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), and a Mellanox InfiniBand network. It will be composed of 13 SDSC Scalable Compute Units (SSCUs), each of which contains 56 CPU nodes and 4 GPU nodes along with over 60 TB of distributed non-volatile memory storage for user scratch. The SSCUs will be integrated with a 12-PB Lustre parallel file system and 7 PB of object storage. SDSC, along with its partners Dell and Aeon Computing, will deploy Expanse in SDSC's energy-efficient data center on the UCSD campus. Expanse will be connected to multiple high-performance research and education networks at 100 Gbps and reach thousands of users who require high performance, but modest-scale resources. Allocation and usage policies will be tailored to achieve fast turnaround and responsiveness. Experts in computational science, data-intensive computing, scientific workflows, and large-scale systems operations will support Expanse at the highest levels of utilization, reliability, and usability. Through integration with national CI, Expanse will enable new models of computing and research that require the full complement of HPC systems and simulation, experimental data analysis, and computational expertise to support and facilitate breakthrough science. Knowledge gained through the project will lead to improvements in algorithms, software, and systems management tools, as well as a better understanding of how integrated CI can be configured to support emerging research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.