Investigations on the inception of connecting leaders at lightning rods as a consequence of real lightning leaders under special consideration of pre-discharges

自引入以来，雷电保护总体上只发生了一点点变化。其目的是通过避雷针吸引闪电，然后将雷电流传导到地面。一个有效和正确定位的避雷针是有效防雷系统的第一步。密集的实验室测试和现场测量已经确立了成功防雷的主要概念。国家（DIN EN 62305）和国际（IEC 62305）标准规定了成功的外部防雷系统的应用。然而，在过去的几十年里，新的防雷概念，以及主动避雷针，提出。据说这种新技术与传统的避雷针相比有几个优点。尽管取得了这些进展，但世界各地的雷电专家并不相信改进的避雷针及其概念。越来越多的这些杆安装，即使在德国，虽然没有标准化（例外：法国标准NFC 17-102）。最重要的是，没有科学证据证明这些新设备的成功运作。理论分析和仿真都证明和反驳这些新的保护概念。迫切需要调查自然条件下真实的雷电连接引线的初始情况，以便更好地评估新的雷电保护概念的行为。这项调查的目的是从真实的连接领导者开始提供测量数据，这实际上很难实现。因此，应该有可能调查理论概念和模拟，这与连接领导人的开始有关。此外，还可以得出结论，防雷系统的实际实施将如何影响其有效性。

Lightning protection in general has changed only a little since its introduction. It is intended attracting the lightning by a lightning rod and subsequently conduct the lightning current to ground. An effective and correctly positioned lightning rod is the first step of an effective lightning protection system. Intense laboratory testing and field measurements have established the main concepts for successful lightning protection. National (DIN EN 62305) and international (IEC 62305) standards specify application of successful external lightning protection systems. However, in the past decades new lightning protection concepts, as well as active lightning rods, were presented. This new technology is rumored to have several dvantages compared to the conventional lightning rods. In spite of this progress, lightning experts all over the world are not convinced of the improved lightning rods and their concepts. More and more of these rods are installed, even in Germany, although there is no standardization (exception: French standard NFC 17-102). Above all there is no scientific evidence for the successful operation of these new devices. Theoretical analyses und simulations both prove and disprove these new protection concepts. There is urgent need to investigate the inception of real lightning connecting leaders under natural conditions in to better evaluate the behavior of new lightning protection concepts. The aim of this investigation is to deliver measurement data from the inception of real connecting leaders, which is actually difficult to achieve. Hereby it should be possible to survey theoretical concepts and simulations, which are concerned with the inception of connecting leaders. In addition, conclusions can be drawn, how actual implementations of lightning protecting systems will affect their ffectiveness.