RUI: Discovering New Sources of CP Violation in Flavor Phenomenology

该奖项资助劳伦斯理工大学Bhubanjyoti Bhattacharya教授的研究活动。反物质都到哪里去了？虽然粒子物理学的既定理论预测我们的宇宙应该有大致相同数量的物质和反物质，但我们周围的物质比反物质多得多。物质和反物质在一种叫做“电荷宇称”（CP）的基本对称下的行为相似。然而，涉及基本粒子的过程可能不尊重这种对称性。违反CP的新物理理论的发现将有助于更好地理解我们的宇宙，因为它们将能够解释为什么物质比反物质多。物理学家希望在世界范围内正在进行的研究基本粒子碰撞的实验收集的数据中发现违反cp的新物理学。作为这项研究的一部分，Bhattacharya教授将开发新的方法来理解不同类型的新物理学的特性，重点是被称为“ALPs”的假设粒子。这些新粒子很重要，因为它们可以影响目前在对撞机实验中进行的cp违反测量。因此，这一领域的研究通过促进科学进步，加深对基本粒子、它们的性质以及它们如何相互作用的理解，从而促进了国家利益。预计该项目还将产生更广泛的重大影响。在以本科生为主的劳伦斯理工大学工作，巴塔查里亚教授将积极吸引本科生参与他的研究。通过优先招收来自不同背景的学生，他将促进一个促进包容的环境。Bhattacharya教授的学生将运用新开发的理论方法来分析数据，并测试关于CP违反的新假设。跟随巴塔查里亚教授进行研究的学生还将接受计算思维方面的培训，并获得可转移的技能，这些技能将使他们在未来的学术或工业生涯中取得成功。从技术上讲，巴塔查里亚教授的研究将揭示各种新物理模型中提出的新耦合的复杂阶段。例如，Bhattacharya教授的研究将集中在香香厂的数据上，比如正在进行的LHCb和Belle II实验，他的研究将确定受ALPs影响的过程，并计算它们对cp违反观察值的影响。风味工厂数据提供了重介子和夸克子的现象学信息。巴塔查里亚教授的研究将通过使用近似的风味对称性和量化风味对称性破坏的程度来克服理解这些数据的挑战。他的研究还将开发新的方法来精确确定粒子物理标准模型中违反cp的参数，例如Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa角伽玛。使用计算驱动的方法，巴塔查里亚教授和他的学生将确定数据如何偏离标准模型预测。通过使用新的物理模型来解释这些偏差，Bhattacharya教授的研究将为发现CP违背的新来源指明一条道路。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award funds the research activities of Professor Bhubanjyoti Bhattacharya at Lawrence Technological University. Where is all the antimatter? Although established theories of particle physics predict that our universe should have roughly similar amounts of matter and antimatter, we see much more matter around us than antimatter. Matter and antimatter behave similarly under a fundamental symmetry called Charge-Parity, or "CP". However, processes involving elementary particles may not respect this symmetry. Discovery of new-physics theories that violate CP will lead to a better understanding of our universe, as they will be able to explain why there is more matter than antimatter. Physicists expect to find CP-violating new physics in data collected at ongoing worldwide experiments that study elementary-particle collisions. As part of this research, Professor Bhattacharya will develop new methods of understanding the properties of different types of new physics, with an emphasis on hypothetical particles called "ALPs". These new particles are important because they can affect CP-violation measurements currently being made at collider experiments. As such, research in this area advances the national interest by promoting the progress of science, creating a deeper understanding of elementary particles, their properties, and how they interact. This project is also envisioned to have significant broader impacts. Working at Lawrence Technological University, a predominantly undergraduate institution, Professor Bhattacharya will actively engage undergraduate students in his research. By prioritizing recruitment of students from diverse backgrounds, he will promote an environment that fosters inclusion. Professor Bhattacharya's students will apply newly-developed theoretical methods to analyze data and test new hypotheses about CP violation. Students conducting research with Professor Bhattacharya will also receive training in computational thinking and acquire transferable skills that will make them successful in future academic or industrial careers. More technically, Professor Bhattacharya’s research will reveal complex phases of proposed new couplings in a variety of new-physics models. For example, focusing on data from flavor factories such as the ongoing LHCb and Belle II experiments, Professor Bhattacharya’s research will identify processes affected by ALPs and calculate their effects on CP-violating observables. Flavor-factory data provide information on the phenomenology of heavy mesons and quarkonia. Professor Bhattacharya’s research will overcome challenges in understanding this data by using approximate flavor symmetries and by quantifying the extent of flavor-symmetry breaking. His research will also develop new methods for the precise determination of CP-violating parameters within the Standard Model of particle physics, such as the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle gamma. Using computation-driven methods, Professor Bhattacharya and his students will identify how the data deviate from Standard-Model predictions. By explaining these deviations using new-physics models, Professor Bhattacharya's research will illuminate a path for the discovery of new sources of CP violation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.