Collaborative Research: Quantifying the carbon emission and sequestration rate after a large CO2 pulse from the Siberian Traps volcanism

二叠纪末期大规模灭绝事件(EPME)导致90%以上的海洋物种和70%以上的陆地物种丧失。在EPME(2.52亿年前)期间，已知的最大的火山事件之一--西伯利亚圈闭(ST)火山活动--发生并向大气中释放了大量二氧化碳。这一火山事件对地球外地壳运动和随后的生命恢复的影响仍然知之甚少。因此，更好地了解二叠纪末期地球的动态气候和生物地球化学是至关重要的。该项目将使用地球系统模型来探索ST火山作用、风化作用和早三叠世温室气体长期积累的二氧化碳排放速率。该项目将包括培训蒙特克莱尔州立大学的代表人数不足的学生，并制定暑期推广计划，以教育耶鲁大学的普通公众。这项研究的新知识将被纳入教育和外联活动。为了更好地了解EPME和随后恢复的机制，该项目旨在产生跨越EPME的新的热带海洋锂和硼同位素记录，并改善对硼同位素反映pH值变化和锂同位素反映风化强度的程度的定量了解。这些地球化学指标将提供有关与ST火山活动相关的二氧化碳排放的大脉冲后碳排放和固存速率的新见解。该项目将增进对热带古气候历史的了解，包括极端碳排放和封存对生态系统消亡和恢复命运的作用。项目团队还将开发新的建模工具，以产生跨越EPME的可靠定量生物地球化学记录，用于模型数据比较。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The end-Permian mass extinction event (EPME) resulted in the loss of more than 90% of marine and 70% of land species. During the EPME (252 million years ago), one of the largest known volcanic events, the Siberian Trap (ST) volcanism, occurred and released massive quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The impact of this volcanic event on the EPME and the subsequent recovery of life remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is critical to develop a better understanding of the dynamic climate and biogeochemistry of the end-Permian Earth. This project will use Earth system modeling to explore the CO2 emission rates from ST volcanism, weathering and the long-term buildup of greenhouse gases in the Early Triassic. This project will include the training of underrepresented students at Montclair State University and develop summer outreach programs to educate the general public at Yale University. New knowledge from this research will be integrated into educational and outreach activities. To better understand the mechanisms of the EPME and subsequent recovery, the project aims to produce new tropical ocean lithium and boron isotopic records spanning the one million year interval across the EPME and to improve quantitative understanding of the extent to which boron isotopes reflect pH changes and lithium isotopes reflect weathering intensity. These geochemical proxies will provide new insights into carbon emission and sequestration rates following the large pulse of CO2 emission associated with ST volcanism. The project will increase understanding of tropical paleoclimate history, including the role of extreme carbon emission and sequestration on the fate of ecosystem demise and recovery. The project team will also develop new modeling tools needed to produce reliable quantitative biogeochemical records spanning the EPME for model-data comparison.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.