RAPID/Collaborative Research: Investigating Attitudinal and Behavioral Changes in US Households Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

这项快速反应研究（RAPID）拨款将调查美国家庭如何调整他们的态度和行为以应对COVID-19大流行，最终目标是帮助快速稳定的复苏。几乎在一夜之间，很大一部分美国家庭已经从长时间通勤、亲自上课和商务会议以及店内购物的现实转变为远程办公、在线课程和商务会议以及在线购物-甚至是杂货店。其中许多变化已经发生，但COVID-19已经按下了快进按钮。然而，并不是所有的美国家庭都受到了类似的影响，这带来了许多问题。特别是，这笔赠款将有助于回答四个问题。(1)在COVID-19大流行期间，美国人口的不同社会经济阶层如何改变他们的态度和行为？(2)在大流行之后，当前（大流行期间）的行为可能在多大程度上持续？(3)在本研究的一年时间内，行为在多大程度上恢复到大流行之前的模式？(4)在COVID-19大流行期间及以后，人们的态度和看法如何演变？这项研究将通过一项全国性的多波调查进行。调查包括与大流行前的态度和行为有关的回顾性问题（例如，厌恶风险，对经济、环境、技术的态度），以及关于当前态度和偏好的部分，包括活动和旅行行为（例如，在COVID-19之前、期间和之后的日程安排、通勤和自由支配的旅行选择以及长途旅行），社会人口统计学（例如，就业类型和地位，以及家庭组成），以及社交网络和社会行为。使用招聘策略（Facebook广告和有针对性的电子邮件）的组合，赠款将帮助收集至少5,000个响应，在全国各地不成比例地分层，并分布在各种社会人口统计数据（例如，家庭类型、城市与农村、收入、COVID-19期间的就业状况）。后续调查将在第一版调查完成后的3个月、6个月和9个月进行，以跟踪态度和行为随时间的演变。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) grant will investigate how American households have adapted their attitudes and behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic with the end goal to help a rapid and stable recovery. Virtually overnight, a large fraction of American households has transitioned from a reality of long commutes, in-person classes and business meetings, and in-store shopping to one of telecommuting, online classes and business meetings, and online shopping – even for groceries. Many of these changes were happening already, but COVID-19 has pressed the fast-forward button. Not all American households have been affected in a similar fashion, however, bringing about many questions. In particular, this grant will help answer four questions. (1) How are different socio-economic segments of the U.S. population changing their attitudes and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) To what extent are current (during pandemic) behaviors likely to persist after the pandemic? (3) To what extent do behaviors return to before pandemic patterns within the one year time period of this study? (4) How do attitudes and perceptions evolve over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond?The research will be pursued through a nationwide, multi-wave survey. The survey includes retrospective questions related to attitudes and behavior before the pandemic (e.g., being risk averse, attitudes toward the economy, environment, technology), and sections about current attitudes and preferences including activity and travel behavior (e.g., scheduling, commuting and discretionary travel choices pre-, during, and post COVID-19 as well as long-distance travel), socio-demographics (e.g., employment type and status, and household composition), and social networking and social behavior. Using a combination of recruiting strategies (Facebook ad and targeted emailing), the grant will help collect at least 5,000 responses, disproportionately stratified across the nation, and distributed across a variety of socio-demographics (e.g., household types, urban vs. rural, income, employment status during COVID-19). Follow-up waves will be conducted 3, 6, and 9 months after the first version of the survey has been taken to track the evolution of attitudes and behaviors over time.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.