RAPID/Collaborative Research: Investigating Attitudinal and Behavioral Changes in US Households Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

这笔快速反应研究(RAPID)拨款将调查美国家庭如何调整他们的态度和行为，以应对新冠肺炎疫情，最终目标是帮助快速稳定的恢复。几乎在一夜之间，很大一部分美国家庭已经从长途通勤、面授课程和商务会议以及店内购物的现实转变为远程通勤、在线课程和商务会议以及在线购物--甚至是杂货。其中许多变化已经在发生，但新冠肺炎已经按下了快进键。然而，并不是所有的美国家庭都受到了类似的影响，这带来了许多问题。特别是，这笔赠款将有助于回答四个问题。(1)在新冠肺炎大流行期间，美国不同的社会经济阶层是如何改变他们的态度和行为的？(2)当前(在大流行期间)的行为在大流行后可能持续到什么程度？(3)在本研究的一年时间段内，行为在多大程度上恢复到大流行前的模式？(4)在新冠肺炎大流行期间和以后，态度和认知是如何演变的？这项研究将通过一项全国性的多波调查来进行。该调查包括与疫情爆发前的态度和行为有关的回顾问题(例如，规避风险、对经济、环境、技术的态度)，以及关于当前态度和偏好的部分，包括活动和旅行行为(例如，新冠肺炎之前、期间和之后的时间表、通勤和酌情选择的旅行以及长途旅行)、社会人口统计(例如，就业类型和地位、家庭结构)以及社交网络和社会行为。通过组合招聘策略(脸书广告和定向电子邮件)，这笔赠款将帮助收集至少5,000份回复，这些回复在全国范围内不成比例地分层，并分布在各种社会人口统计数据(例如，家庭类型、城市与农村、收入、新冠肺炎期间的就业状况)。第一个版本的调查将在3个月、6个月和9个月后进行后续调查，以跟踪态度和行为随时间的演变。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) grant will investigate how American households have adapted their attitudes and behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic with the end goal to help a rapid and stable recovery. Virtually overnight, a large fraction of American households has transitioned from a reality of long commutes, in-person classes and business meetings, and in-store shopping to one of telecommuting, online classes and business meetings, and online shopping – even for groceries. Many of these changes were happening already, but COVID-19 has pressed the fast-forward button. Not all American households have been affected in a similar fashion, however, bringing about many questions. In particular, this grant will help answer four questions. (1) How are different socio-economic segments of the U.S. population changing their attitudes and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic? (2) To what extent are current (during pandemic) behaviors likely to persist after the pandemic? (3) To what extent do behaviors return to before pandemic patterns within the one year time period of this study? (4) How do attitudes and perceptions evolve over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond?The research will be pursued through a nationwide, multi-wave survey. The survey includes retrospective questions related to attitudes and behavior before the pandemic (e.g., being risk averse, attitudes toward the economy, environment, technology), and sections about current attitudes and preferences including activity and travel behavior (e.g., scheduling, commuting and discretionary travel choices pre-, during, and post COVID-19 as well as long-distance travel), socio-demographics (e.g., employment type and status, and household composition), and social networking and social behavior. Using a combination of recruiting strategies (Facebook ad and targeted emailing), the grant will help collect at least 5,000 responses, disproportionately stratified across the nation, and distributed across a variety of socio-demographics (e.g., household types, urban vs. rural, income, employment status during COVID-19). Follow-up waves will be conducted 3, 6, and 9 months after the first version of the survey has been taken to track the evolution of attitudes and behaviors over time.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.