Collaborative Research: Equity of Access to Computer Science: Factors Impacting the Characteristics and Success of Undergraduate CS Majors

该项目旨在通过改进本科计算机科学教育来服务于国家利益。它将通过完成一项研究来实现这一点，该研究可以揭示所有学生在接受计算机科学教育方面的潜在系统性限制。这项研究将审查四所院校十年来的本科生申请、录取和留住数据。对这些数据的分析将描述不同人口统计结构和大学前准备的学生如何出现在整个计算机科学人才管道中。这项研究将填补影响学生进入和通过计算机科学专业的因素的一个重要研究空白。有充分的证据表明，计算机科学专业学生的人口统计特征高度偏向男性而不是女性，并有种族/民族分布的倾斜。目前尚不清楚的是，这些失衡在人才管道的哪个点上最严重，以及随着学生在计算机科学本科课程中的进步，这些失衡会在多大程度上发生变化。此外，新冠肺炎目前造成的教育混乱提供了一个重要而独特的机会，可以确定由此产生的教育变化对不同群体的学生参与计算机科学产生了什么影响。来自代表不足群体的学生似乎在获取远程学习和与这些与技术专门知识密切相关的特殊情况所提供的各种教育机会方面遇到了更大的困难。有理由担心，疫情将进一步将优势群体与弱势群体区分开来，进一步边缘化该项目正在研究的代表性不足的群体，使他们无法进入计算机科学专业并通过它们取得成功。计算机科学是一个对国家具有关键战略意义的领域，也是一个培养国内人才可以产生巨大影响的领域。因此，研究大流行前和大流行后参与计算机科学的模式，有可能帮助美国满足其对计算机科学和相关领域人才日益增长的需求，如网络安全和人工智能。这项研究将使用从洛约拉·马里蒙特大学、加州州立大学长滩分校、加州大学河滨分校和加州大学圣地亚哥分校四个机构收集的十年本科申请、招生和课程水平数据汇编而成的丰富的大型数据集。对这些纵向数据的分析将提高对谁有权访问、谁申请、谁被录取以及谁在计算机科学领域取得成功的理解。使用经典的统计方法和基于现代机器学习的方法来分析大数据集，这项研究试图了解如何提高计算机科学中所有学生的包容性。它将用对有针对性的焦点小组和访谈的结果的定性分析来补充这一大规模定量分析。定性分析，再加上对具有不同学生人口统计和其他特征的四所机构的纵向数据的定量分析，将比以往任何一项研究都更深入地分析计算机科学的获取和成功。由此产生的知识扩展有可能为实现所有学生平等地接受计算机科学教育奠定基础。NSF IUSE：EHR计划支持研究和开发项目，以提高STEM教育对所有学生的有效性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project aims to serve the national interest by improving undergraduate computer science education. It will do so by completing a research study that can reveal potential systemic limitations in access to computer science education by all students. This research study will examine ten-years of undergraduate student application, admissions, and retention data from four institutions. Analysis of these data will describe how students of varying demographics and pre-college preparation are present throughout the computer science talent pipeline. This study will fill an important research gap about factors that affect the flow of students into and through the computer science major. It is well documented that the demographic characteristics of computer science students are highly skewed toward males versus females and have skewed racial/ethnic distributions. What is not yet understood is at what point in the talent pipeline these imbalances are greatest and the degree to which they change as students progress through computer science undergraduate programs. In addition, the current educational disruption caused by COVID-19 provides the important and unique opportunity to determine what effect, if any, the resulting educational changes have had on participation of different groups of students in computer science. Students from underrepresented groups appear to have encountered greater difficulty accessing distance learning and being connected to the full range of educational opportunities presented by these unique circumstances, which are very strongly related to technological know-how. There is legitimate cause for concern that the pandemic will further divide the advantaged from the disadvantaged, further marginalizing the underrepresented groups that the project is studying from opportunities to advance into computer science majors and progress successfully through them. Computer science is an area of critical strategic importance for the nation, and a field in which cultivating domestic talent can have enormous impact. Thus, examining pre- and post- pandemic patterns of participation in computer science have the potential to help the nation meet its growing needs for talent in computer science and related fields, such as cybersecurity and artificial intelligence. This study will use a large, rich data set compiled from ten years of undergraduate application, admissions, and course-level data from four institutions: Loyola Marymount University, Cal State University Long Beach, the University of California Riverside, and the University of California San Diego. Analysis of these longitudinal data will improve understanding of who has access, who applies, who is admitted, and who succeeds in computer science. Using classical statistical approaches and modern machine learning based approaches to analysis of large data sets, the study seeks to understand how to improve the inclusion of all students in computer science. It will supplement this large-scale quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis of results from targeted focus-groups and interviews. The qualitative analysis, coupled with the quantitative analysis of longitudinal data from four institutions with different student demographics and other characteristics, will provide a deeper analysis of access to and success in computer science than any previous study. The resulting extension of knowledge has the potential to lay the foundation for achieving equitable access to computer science education for all students. The NSF IUSE: EHR Program supports research and development projects to improve the effectiveness of STEM education for all students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.