GEM: Magnetosheath Transport from Local Kinetics to Global Dynamics

地球空间环境复杂。太阳风的变化会影响磁层，磁层是大气层的外层，由受地磁场影响的相对论性粒子组成。这反过来又导致电离层进一步向下的变化。这个太阳风-磁层-电离层系统是空间天气发生的关键区域。这项工作将模拟地球空间环境的能量学，以了解导致空间天气可量化影响的重要等离子体物理过程。此外，该项目支持初级科学家（研究生和博士后研究员）进行多样化的国际合作，创建用于公开演示的地球空间环境动画，并开发改进的空间天气过程风险指标。该工作将定量评估太阳风-磁层-电离层能量学，包括太阳风和磁鞘波动的影响，以解决各种太阳风和行星际磁场条件下的能量耗散过程和路径。将使用空间天气建模框架Geospace模型，在单元代码中包含局部粒子的Geospace模型，以及Vlasov全球仿真代码。通过等离子体边界来评估能量通量，评估进入和离开磁层的能量，以及电离层和磁层中的能量耗散。通过模型比较来评估动力学效应。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The geospace environment is complex. Changes in the solar wind affect the magnetosphere, the outer layer of the atmosphere that consists of relativistic particles influenced by the geomagnetic field. This in turn leads to changes further down in the ionosphere. This solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere system is the crucial set of regions where space weather occurs. This work will model the energetics of the geospace environment to understand important plasma physics processes that lead to quantifiable effects of space weather. Additionally, the project supports junior scientists (a graduate student and post-doctoral researcher) in a diverse international collaboration, creates animations of the geospace environment for public presentations, and develops improved risk metrics for space weather processes.The work will quantitatively assess the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere energetics including effects of solar wind and magnetosheath fluctuations to resolve the energy dissipation processes and paths under a variety of solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions. The Space Weather Modeling Framework Geospace model, Geospace with local particle in cell code, and the Vlasiator global Vlasov simulation codes will be used. Methods will be developed to evaluate the energy flux through plasma boundaries, assess energy entry to and exit from the magnetosphere, and energy dissipation in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The kinetic effects are assessed by model comparisons.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.