Integrating limnological, remote sensing, and modeling approaches to understand global lake ice dynamics

地球上90%以上的湖泊在冬天都被冰覆盖。当一个湖泊被冰覆盖时，它会影响许多生态系统过程。冰形成的时间和持续的时间都很重要，但冰的厚度和清晰度也很重要。不断变化的气候条件影响了冰覆盖的持续时间和冰的质量，因为温暖的冬季温度会导致暂时的融化。有三种不同的方式来理解湖冰及其影响，每种都有优点和缺点。湖岸的观测是准确的，但不能捕捉到湖冰的时间、范围和质量的许多方面。遥感技术为扩大冰湖研究的规模和范围提供了新的机会。湖泊模型可以估计难以测量的冰参数，如冰厚度。为了充分了解全球湖冰动态及其变化方式，湖泊学家、遥感科学家和建模者之间需要更紧密的联系。该项目将支持一个研究湖冰形成动态及其对温带湖泊生态系统功能影响的讲习班。研讨会的参与者将参加在威斯康辛州麦迪逊市举行的年度冻结资产节，并参加公共活动。来自世界各地研究湖冰的研究人员将描述湖冰的生态作用和文化价值，并演示如何使用遥感来了解湖冰。目前的湖冰数据库仅包含631个陆地观测湖泊，但每年有数百万个湖泊冻结。研讨会将实现四个主要目标：1)确定需要跨学科方法的湖冰关键问题；2)提高对如何获取和使用数据的跨学科理解；3)就跨学科湖冰数据库的核心方面达成共识；4)发展多元化的研究人员社区以促进合作项目。这些目标将通过研讨会期间的一系列互动会议和分组讨论来实现。还将开发一个全球湖冰数据库的结构。在研讨会之前、期间和之后都有具体的活动来发起和支持来自不同领域的科学家之间的社区建设。最终，该研讨会将为研究冰雪覆盖的湖泊的广泛研究人员提供指导和资源。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

More than 90% of lakes on Earth are covered with ice in the winter. When a lake is covered with ice, this affects many ecosystem processes. The timing of when ice forms and how long it lasts are both important, but so are the thickness and clarity of the ice. Changing climate conditions have affected the duration of ice cover as well as the quality of ice, as warm winter temperatures can cause temporary thawing. There are three different ways to understand lake ice and its impacts, each with strengths and weaknesses. Observations from the shore of the lake are accurate but do not capture many aspects of lake ice timing, extent, and quality. Remote sensing techniques provide new opportunities to expand the scale and scope of research on ice-covered lakes. Lake models can estimate ice parameters that are difficult to measure such as ice thickness. In order to fully understand global lake ice dynamics and how they are changing, stronger connections between limnologists, remote sensing scientists, and modelers are needed. This project will support a workshop to study the dynamics of lake ice formation and the consequences for ecosystem functioning of temperate lakes. Participants in the workshop will join the annual Frozen Assets Festival in Madison, Wisconsin and participate in public events. Researchers studying lake ice from around the world will describe the ecological role and cultural value of lake ice and demonstrate how remote sensing is used to understand lake ice. The current lake ice database only contains 631 lakes with land-based observations, but there are millions of lakes that freeze every year. The workshop will achieve four main goals: 1) Identify critical questions about lake ice that require cross-disciplinary approaches, 2) Improve cross-disciplinary understanding of how data are acquired and used, 3) Reach consensus on core aspects of a cross-disciplinary lake ice database, and 4) Develop a diverse community of researchers to foster collaborative projects. The objectives will be achieved through a series of interactive sessions and breakout groups during the workshop. A structure for a global lake ice database will also be developed. There are specific activities before, during and after the workshop to initiate and support community-building among scientists from different fields. Ultimately, the workshop will produce guidance and resources for a broad range of researchers working with ice-covered lakes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.