Investigating the Role of Collaboration on the Development of Student Ideas using a Learning Progression for the Function Concept

协作解决问题是21世纪一项重要的技能，可以提高学习结果。学习进度是学生思维如何在一个领域内发展的模型，它有可能为教师提供可操作的信息来指导教学。促进可以支持协作解决问题，并使学生在学习过程中的思维清晰可见。在这个项目中，该团队将解决关于协作解决问题、学习进步和促进在学生数学学习发展中如何相互作用的问题。这项工作提供了一个机会，通过提高由于该国教育结构不公平而没有机会学习关键数学概念的学生的教学质量，促进所有学生公平地获得高质量的教育。项目团队预计他们的工作将为未来的工作产生资源和结果，例如教师可以用来解释学生工作的学习进度版本，以及关于学生和辅导员如何使用在线协作技术支持数学学习和评估的信息。项目团队将把学习进度评估任务整合到一个在线协作学习和评估平台中。这些任务侧重于函数概念，这是数学的一个基础领域，专为9至12年级的学生设计。学生将分四个阶段参与任务：首先，他们将单独解决一项任务。其次，他们将作为三人或四人团队的一部分，在协作环境中重新考虑这项任务。一些团队讨论将由近乎同行的导师来推动。第三，参赛队将向全班展示他们的成绩。学生将在老师的协助下进行全班讨论并结束讨论。最后，学生们将对概念上相似的任务做出单独的反应。语篇将使用特定领域和通用领域的编码方案进行编码，这些编码方案识别团队协作和课堂讨论期间的认知、社交和促进实践；结果将关注讨论过程中的重点和想法的发展。该项目还将包括教师和青年辅导员的专业发展部分。探索研究学前班(DRK-12)旨在通过研究和开发创新资源、模式和工具，显著提高学前班学生和教师在科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)方面的学习和教学。DRK-12计划中的项目建立在STEM教育的基础研究和先前的研究和开发工作的基础上，为拟议的项目提供了理论和经验上的证明。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Collaborative problem solving is a valued 21st century skill that can enhance learning outcomes. Learning progressions, which are models of how student thinking develops within a domain, have potential to provide actionable information to teachers to guide instruction. Facilitation may support collaborative problem solving and make visible student thinking with respect to learning progressions. In this project, the team will address questions about how collaborative problem solving, learning progressions, and facilitation interact in the development of students’ mathematical learning. The work affords an opportunity to advance equitable access to high-quality education for all students by enhancing the quality of instruction for students lacking opportunities to learn key concepts of mathematics because of the inequitable structures of education in the country. The project team anticipates that their work will generate resources and findings for future work, such as a version of the learning progression that can be used by teachers to interpret student work and information about how students and facilitators can use online collaborative technology in support of mathematics learning and assessment.The project team will integrate learning progression assessment tasks into an online collaborative learning and assessment platform. The tasks focus on the concept of function, a foundational area of mathematics, and are designed for students in Grades 9 through 12. Students will engage with the tasks in four phases: first, they will solve a task individually. Second, they will revisit that task as part of a 3- or 4- person team in a collaborative environment. Some team discussions will be facilitated by near-peer mentors. Third, the teams will present their results to the class. Students will engage in a whole class discussion with facilitation and wrap up by the teacher. Finally, students will respond individually to a conceptually similar task. Discourse will be coded using both domain-specific and domain-general coding schemes that identify cognitive, social, and facilitation practices during team collaboration and class discussion; results will attend to the both the focus and the development of ideas over the course of discussion. The project will also feature a professional development component for teachers and youth facilitators.The Discovery Research preK-12 program (DRK-12) seeks to significantly enhance the learning and teaching of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) by preK-12 students and teachers, through research and development of innovative resources, models and tools. Projects in the DRK-12 program build on fundamental research in STEM education and prior research and development efforts that provide theoretical and empirical justification for proposed projects.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.