Collaborative Research: Multi-phase Sulfur and Nitrogen Chemistry in Air and Snow during Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA)

这项合作将有助于Interagency支持的阿拉斯加分层污染和化学分析（ALPACA）计划，其中包括NSF资助的通过参与社区可持续导航北极污染（SNAP-TEC）项目。该项目的重点是在寒冷，低光照条件下，在费尔班克斯阿拉斯加二氧化硫转化为颗粒硫酸盐的化学机制。这项研究还将调查雪化学影响空气质量的能力。这项研究的结果将有助于更好地了解在北方地区，如在费尔班克斯形成空气污染的化学机制。以下两个假设将通过现场、实验室和模拟研究的组合进行检验：（1）棕色碳通过涉及BrC衍生的三重激发态（3C*）和过氧化氢（H2 O2）的反应驱动S（IV）氧化为颗粒硫酸盐;（2）持续的冬季积雪对大气的氧化能力有显著影响（例如，通过HONO的释放），以及对硫和氮的处理。这项研究的更广泛影响之一包括为当地中学生开发科学模块。这些模块将免费提供给教师、在家上学的父母和自学的学生。对于在家上学的观众，PI计划补充活动的项目，利用空气监测网络的数据，利用主动学习的原则。在家上学的子重点是特别重要的阿拉斯加原住民和美洲印第安人，谁依赖在家上学比其他群体多得多。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

This collaborative effort will contribute to the interagency-supported Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) program, that includes the NSF-funded Sustainably Navigating Arctic Pollution Through Engaging Communities (SNAP-TEC) project. This project focuses on chemical mechanisms for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to particulate sulfate under the cold, low-light conditions in Fairbanks Alaska. This research also will investigate the ability of snow chemistry to affect air quality. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the chemical mechanisms for forming air pollution in northerly regions, such as in Fairbanks. The following two hypotheses will be examined through a combination of field, laboratory, and modeling studies: (1) Brown carbon drives the oxidation of S(IV) to particle sulfate through reactions involving BrC-derived triplet excited states (3C*) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); and (2) The persistent winter snowpack has a significant influence on the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere (e.g., through release of HONO), as well as on the processing of sulfur and nitrogen. One of the broader impacts of this research includes the development of science modules for local middle school students. The modules will be made freely available to teachers, homeschooling parents, and self-guided students. For the homeschooling audience, the PIs plan to supplement the activities with projects that utilize data from air monitoring networks that leverage active-learning principles. The homeschooling sub-focus is particularly important for Alaska Native and American Indian populations, who rely on homeschooling much more than other groups.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.