Collaborative Research: HNDS-I: Data Infrastructure for Research on Historical Settlement and Population Growth in the United States

该项目创建了一个名为HiSPLUS（美国历史定居和人口层）的数据平台，描述了1860年至2020年美国人口和住房模式的历史。科学家们可以利用这个新的平台来研究过去两个世纪以来整个国家经历的社会、人口、城市和环境变化。该项目汇集了来自几个不同来源的数据。房屋和地块记录与建筑足迹和人口数据合并，并转化为每个人都可以使用的公开数据。该平台包含美国48个相邻州的大部分空间数据和数据表，这些数据以精细的时空分辨率描述了建筑环境和人口。这个可公开访问的平台改变了科学家研究与农村和城市地区建筑环境相关的社会过程的方式。在未来，HiSPLUS将在回答有关土地利用、城市规划和灾害管理的问题方面发挥重要作用。该项目创建了新的数据集，其中包括有关建筑特征、土地使用和人口分布的信息，并将它们合并在一起。将这些数据链接到一个单一的数据平台中，创建了一个新的数据资源，其中包含迄今为止具有最高空间和时间分辨率的历史住房和人口数据集。HiSPLUS平台通过开发将卫星图像中的空间数据与人口数据和地块记录合并的方法，以及开发随时间变化而纠正数据错误的工具，推进了数据分析的创新方法。该项目还开发了基于住房结构特征的当地人口统计新模型。这些数据为科学家提供了回答有关建筑环境演变的重要问题的机会。该平台使对美国人口、土地利用、城市发展和交通的长期变化进行新的研究成为可能。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project creates a data platform called HiSPLUS (Historical Settlement and Population Layers for the U.S.) that describes the history of population and housing patterns in the United States from 1860 to 2020. Scientists can use this new platform to study the social, demographic, urban and environmental transformations experienced throughout the country over the past two centuries. The project brings together data from several different sources. Housing and land parcel records are merged with building footprint and population data and transformed into publicly available data that can be used by everyone. The platform contains spatial data and data tables for most of the 48 conterminous states in the U.S., data that describe the built environment and population at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. This publicly accessible platform transforms the way scientists study social processes related to the built environment in rural and urban areas. In the future, HiSPLUS will be important for answering questions about land use, urban planning, and disaster management.This project creates new datasets that include information about the characteristics of built structures, land use, and the distribution of the population, and merges them together. Linking these data in a single data platform creates a novel data resource that contains historical housing and population datasets with the highest spatial and temporal resolution to date. The HiSPLUS platform advances innovative methods of data analysis by developing approaches for merging spatial data from satellite imagery with population data and land parcel records and developing tools for correcting errors in the data as it evolves over time. The project also develops new models for local population counts that are based on the characteristics of housing structures. Such data provide scientists with the opportunity to answer important questions about the evolution of the built environment. The platform makes possible new research on long-run changes in the U.S. population, land use, urban development, and transportation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.