Collaborative Research: NSFGEO-NERC: Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit: Measurements along Lagrangian Transects

这是一个由国家科学基金会地球科学理事会(NSF/GEO)和英国国家环境研究理事会(UKRI/NERC)通过NSF/GEO-NERC牵头机构协议共同资助的项目。该协定允许美国和英国提交一个单一的联合提案，并由该机构进行同行审查，该机构的调查员在预算中所占比例最大。在成功地联合确定一项奖项后，每个机构为预算的比例和与其自己的提议和工作组成部分相关的调查人员提供资金。这项研究项目继续进行一项为期11年的实地实验，称为“能量、云、大气状态和峰顶降水的综合特征”(ICECAPS)，并增加沿拉格朗日样带(ICECAPS-MELET)的测量结果。该项目是一个国际合作项目，自2010年以来一直在格陵兰首脑会议站运行地面仪器，对大气进行观测，以促进对格陵兰冰盖上的云特性、辐射和地面能量以及降水过程的了解。现在是进行这些观测的重要时刻，因为由于北极气候的快速变化，格陵兰正在经历变化。目前的项目继续了在顶峰站进行的观测，并将沿横断面的测量扩展到格陵兰的另一个重要区域，称为渗透带。在这个区域，融化的水在表面产生，在那里它可以渗透到雪中，然后重新冻结。这会产生冰层，导致更多的融化水水平移动，而不是垂直移动。理解这些过程很重要，因为格陵兰冰盖的融化是全球海平面的一个重要贡献因素，预计这将在下个世纪对人类产生重大影响。这个新的冰盖融化项目通过建立一个新的移动观测站来补充冰盖峰会观测站，以测量格陵兰冰盖表面质量和能量收支的参数。这个天文台使用了一种新的无人值守、自主操作的方法，通过支持需要中等功率和互联网带宽的仪器，但与在顶峰站操作的仪器非常相似。新天文台测量地表质量和能量收支参数，包括降水、云层特性、辐射和湍流通量、近地表气象以及地下温度和结构。为此，冰盖融化团队部署了一台降水雷达、一台云激光雷达、一台微波辐射计、一台探地雷达和一台自动地表通量站，这些设备在正常条件下的功率约为500瓦。该项目将导致对地表质量和能量预算参数在这个新天文台和峰会上正在进行的测量之间在空间和时间上如何共同变化的新见解。轨迹分析跟踪气团沿格陵兰冰盖上升并经过两个观测点时的变化。流动观测站将在连续的夏季部署在干雪区的顶峰站和渗滤区的DYE-2站。如果该项目成功，未来将在格陵兰西南部部署一个由这些观测站组成的网络，这将为大气属性和过程如何在空间和时间上与格陵兰上空冰盖的表面和地下条件相关联提供新的见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This is a project that is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate of Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (UKRI/NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget and the investigators associated with its own proposals and component of the work.This research project continues an 11-year field experiment called the Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS) and adds measurements along Lagrangian transects (ICECAPS-MELT). The project is an international collaboration that has been operating ground-based instruments at Summit Station in Greenland since 2010, taking observations of the atmosphere to advance understanding of cloud properties, radiation and surface energy, and precipitation processes over the Greenland Ice Sheet. It is an important time to make these observations because Greenland is undergoing changes due to rapid shifts in Arctic climate. The current project continues the observations made at Summit Station and expands measurements along transects to another important region of Greenland called the percolation zone. In this zone, melt water is generated at the surface, where it can percolate down into the snow and then refreeze. This creates ice layers that can cause additional melt water to move horizontally rather than vertically. It is important to understand these processes because melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet is a significant contributor to global sea level, which is predicted to impact humans significantly over the next century.This new ICECAPS-MELT project complements the ICECAPS Summit observatory by building a new mobile observatory for measuring parameters of the surface mass and energy budgets of the Greenland Ice Sheet. This observatory uses a novel approach for unattended, autonomous operation by supporting instruments that require moderate power and internet bandwidth yet are quite like those operated at Summit Station. The new observatory measures surface mass and energy budget parameters, including precipitation, cloud properties, radiative and turbulent fluxes, near-surface meteorology, and subsurface temperatures and structure. To do this, the ICECAPS-MELT team deploys a precipitation radar, a cloud lidar, a microwave radiometer, a ground-penetrating radar, and an automated surface flux station, which consume approximately 500 W of power under normal conditions. The project will lead to new insights into how parameters of the surface mass and energy budgets co-vary in space and time between this new observatory and the ongoing measurements at Summit. Trajectory analyses track the changes in air parcels as they ascend the Greenland Ice Sheet and pass over the two observational sites. The mobile observatory will be deployed in successive summers at Summit Station in the dry-snow zone and at the DYE-2 station in the percolation zone. If this project is successful, a network of these observatories will be proposed for future deployment in southwestern Greenland, which will provide new insights into how atmospheric properties and processes are coupled both spatially and temporally to the ice sheet’s surface and subsurface conditions over Greenland.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.