Al Andarin, ancient Androna, Vol. I, Survey und Excavations 1997-2006, The circuit walls and the barracks, with contributions of Güler Ates and Peter Knötzele

Androna，也就是现在的al Andarin，在3世纪末成为叙利亚中部的Mansio，后来被证明是一个村庄(Kome)。其巨大的面积(160公顷)和其建筑的不朽外观(两道电路墙，十座教堂，一个公共浴室)被引回到在其环境中创造一个广泛的灌溉系统。安德罗纳是对叙利亚中部300多个村庄进行挖掘研究的第一个村庄。1997年，德国团队组织了一个英国团队和一个叙利亚团队之间的国际合作，前者忙于重建遗址外的灌溉系统，后者在中心挖掘早期的阿拉伯浴缸。英国队的主要结果在初步报告中公布--最终报告正在准备中。从1997年开始，德国团队对该遗址进行了大地测量和密集的表面研究，挖掘了Kastron的大部分区域、外环路墙的两个内部大门和安德罗纳北部的一个住宅综合体。这些是我们对安德罗纳的防御组织和纪念碑布局的研究结果：内电路墙(玄武岩)是较老的，他包围了一个大约90公顷的遗址，建于5世纪。外墙--将沉烧砖和玄武岩结合在一起--将遗址的面积扩大到160公顷。电路墙的年表和内墙在什么时候被拆除的问题导致了该地区在5世纪下半叶和安提阿540年后几十年的历史情况。卡斯特龙的建造(完成于公元559年)在安德罗纳市中心--安德罗纳居民托马斯的捐赠--与叙利亚的大城市密切相关，同时也与当地传统紧密相连。具有军事功能的下层房间和装饰丰富的进口大理石、斑岩和玻璃马赛克镶嵌的上层客厅的结合，对于重建6世纪下半叶的城乡联系和活动，以及Kastron在碑文和小发现中详细介绍的7世纪和8世纪安德罗纳的情况，具有极其重要的意义。随着它的重复使用，直到14世纪，它仍然是我们阿拉伯时代安德罗纳历史的主要来源，在接下来的几个世纪也是如此。对主要建筑的不朽布局和在电路墙和军营领域的挖掘进行的调查，为该遗址在5世纪和6世纪的历史，为讨论其作为避难所之一的作用，为城墙外灌溉系统的年表和7世纪阿拉伯征服后安德罗纳的情况创造了一个新的基础。

Androna, modern al Andarin, in Central Syria was a mansio by the late 3rd Century and later attested as a village (kome). Its large size (160 ha) and the monumental aspect of its buildings (two circuit walls, ten churches, a public bath) was led back to the creation of an extensive irrigation System in its environment. Androna is the first of more than 300 hundred villages in Central Syria studied by excavations. In 1997 the German team organized an international collaboration between a British team, occupied with the reconstruction of the irrigation system outside the site and a Syrian team, excavating an Early arabic bath in the centre. The main results of the British team are published in a preliminary report -, the final publication is in preparation. The German team began 1997 with the geodetical relevation of the site and intensive surface studies, excavated a greater part of the Kastron, two gates of the inner as of the outer circuit wall and a housecomplex in the northern part of Androna. These are the results of our study of the defensive organisation and monumental layout of Androna : The inner circuit wall (basalt) is the older one and he enclosed a site of about 90 ha, grown up in the fifth Century. The outer wall - combining sunbaken bricks with basalt - enlarged the area of the site up to 160 ha. The chronology of the circuit walls and the question, at which time the inner wall was removed lead to the historical situation of the region in the second half of the fifth century and the decades after the destruction of Antioch 540 n. Chr. The construction of the Kastron (finished 559 A.D.) in the centre of Androna - a donation of Thomas, inhabitant of Androna - is closely linked to the great Syrian cities and at the same time closely bound to local traditions. The combination.of lower rooms with military functions and upper living rooms with rich decorations in imported marble, porphyr and glass-mosaics is of extreme importance for the reconstruction of urban-rural contacts and activities in the second half of the 6th century, Together with the Early Omayyad bath the Kastron informs in inscriptions and small finds intensively about the Situation of Androna in the 7th and 8th Century. With its reuse up to the 14th Century it remains our main source for the history of Androna in arabic times also for the following centuries. The survey about the monumental layout of the main buildings and excavations in the field of the circuit walls and the barracks have created a new base for the history of the site in the fifth and sixth century, for the discussion of its function as one of the « villes de refuge », for the chronology of the irrigation system outside the walls and for the situation of Androna in the time after the arabic conquest of the seventh century.