Toward Quantitative Three-Dimensional and Three-Component Velocimetry in Reactive Flows

被称为3D3C速度的基本属性在许多学科中都很重要，它的解决对于包括清洁能源在内的许多社会挑战也很重要。例如，为了更好地理解和设计能源系统，包括燃气轮机、风力涡轮机和氢气发动机，需要3D3C速度。3D3C速度是所有三个维度上的流速(3D)，其中包含所有三个分量(3C)。测量这一特性是非常重要的，人们已经投入了大量的努力来发明能够获得3D3C速度测量的速度测量技术。然而，在这些测量中仍然存在挑战，特别是在可量化的准确性和反应性流动方面。该项目旨在实现反应性流动中的定量3D3C速度测量，为设计更清洁的能源解决方案铺平道路。此外，该项目将被整合到研究人员的日常教学活动、K-12推广活动、设计项目和工业合作中。科学上，该项目将专注于一个问题：我们目前的3D3C测速技术在反应性流动中知之甚少的不确定性。该项目建议解决这一问题，并实现3个渐进步骤的定量3D3C速度测量。第一步旨在从根本上理解现有技术的不确定性。这一步将设计新的实验，以便可以先验地知道地面真实速度，并且可以直接量化误差。在第一步的基础上，第二步的目标是发明新的策略来显著提高3D3C测速的准确性。初步结果已经确定了几个有希望的想法，包括新的层析重建算法和对湍流引起的光束转向的主动校正。最后，第三步建议应用步骤一和步骤二的新理解和新战略来解释现有数据，以便为社区建立一个新的数据库，使其具有更高的精确度和明确界定的误差范围。速度是最基本的属性，既是模型比较的关键输入，也是关键输出。这个项目寻求的定量的3D3C结果有望成为研究界的一个有价值的数据库，既可以验证现有的模型，也可以启发新的见解和新的模型。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The fundamental property called 3D3C velocity is important in a wide range of disciplines and its resolution is important for many societal challenges, including clean energy. For example, 3D3C velocity is required for better understanding and better design of energy systems, including gas turbines, wind turbines, and hydrogen engines. 3D3C velocity is flow velocity in all three dimensions (3D) with all three components (3C) resolved. Measuring this property is very important and considerable efforts have been invested to invent velocimetry techniques that can obtain 3D3C velocity measurements. However, challenges remain in these measurements, especially around quantifiable accuracy and in reactive flows. This project aims to enable quantitative 3D3C velocity measurements in reactive flows to pave the way for the design of cleaner energy solutions. In addition, the project will be integrated into the researchers’ daily teaching activities, K-12 outreach activities, design projects, and industrial collaborations.Scientifically, the project will concentrate on one issue: the poorly-understood uncertainties of our current 3D3C velocimetry techniques in reactive flows. This project proposes to resolve this issue and enable quantitative 3D3C velocity measurements in 3 progressive steps. Step I aims at understanding existing techniques’ uncertainties at a fundamental level. This step will design novel experiments so that the ground truth velocity can be known a priori and the errors can be directly quantified. Based on Step I, Step II then aims at inventing new strategies to significantly improve the accuracy of 3D3C velocimetry. Preliminary results have identified several promising ideas including new tomographic reconstruction algorithms and active correction of beam-steering caused by turbulence. And finally, Step III proposes to apply the new understanding from Steps I and II and new strategies to interpret existing data to establish a new database with enhanced accuracy and well-defined error bars for the community. Velocity is the most basic property both as a key input and a key output for model comparison. The quantitative 3D3C results sought in this project are expected to be a valuable database for the research community, both to validate existing models and also to inspire new insights and new models.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.