Simulations of the universe using modified newtonian dynamics

尽管包括约28%的暗物质、4%的重子物质和68%的暗能量的和谐宇宙模型(cdm，冷-暗物质)取得了显著的成功，但这一标准模型的预测与观测之间似乎有相当明显的偏差。经常被概括为冷暗物质(CDM)危机的问题仍然存在：关于(星系)晕密度剖面的对数内斜率的确切值的争论仍在继续，关于卫星星系丰度的分歧也没有得到解决。虽然天文学界的普遍看法是修改和微调暗物质模型的参数，以达成协议，但几乎没有努力研究这场清洁发展机制危机的替代解决方案。在这一应用中，提出了另一种可能性，它是基于对牛顿-S第二运动定律的简单但地面震动的调整，即修正的牛顿动力学或MOND。最近在发展MOND和将其嵌入到广义相对论框架中的进展使该理论成为一种非常有希望的替代暗物质。将MOND应用于宇宙中结构形成的N体宇宙模拟的第一步表明，支持这种激进方法的结果相当令人放心。然而，为了充分洞察这一不同寻常的理论并更好地理解其预测能力，考虑到其公式的最新改进，似乎不可避免地要重新审视这一主题。

Despite the remarkable success of the concordance cosmological model (¿CDM, ¿-Cold-Dark- Matter) including about 28% dark matter, 4% baryonic matter and 68% dark energy there appear to be quite distinct deviations between predictions of this standard model and observations. The problems frequently summarized as cold dark matter (CDM) crisis still persist: the debate about the exact value of the logarithmic inner slope of the density profiles of (galactic) halos continues and the discrepancy about the abundance of satellite galaxies has not been resolved, too. While the general belief amongst the astronomical community is to modify and fine-tune the parameters of the dark mater model in order to move towards an agreement, little effort is spent investigating alternative solutions to this CDM crisis. In this application another possibility is put forward which is based upon a simple yet ground shaking adjustment to Newton s second law of motion, namely Modified Newtonian Dynamics or MOND. The recent progress in the development of MOND and the embedding of it into a general relativistic framework made this theory a highly promising alternative the dark matter. First steps of applying MOND to cosmological N-body-simulations of the structure formation in the Universe indicated rather reassuring results speaking in favour of this radical approach. However, to gain full insight into this unusual theory and to better understand its predictive power it appears unavoidable to revisit the subject taking into account the latest improvements in its formulation.