Improving understanding of coupled impacts of oceans and waves on air-sea fluxes in the US Northeast Coast

该项目的目标是确定理解和表示海气相互作用是否以及如何提高美国东北海岸高影响天气事件的后预报能力。该项目将改进对地表动量、热量和水分的湍流通量及其与大气和海洋边界层耦合的模拟。研究还将开发详细的诊断技术，利用现有的海洋-大气耦合边界层数据集来评估高分辨率耦合模式的模拟结果。这些结果将有助于巩固我们对上层海洋过程、海气通量、耦合边界层响应及其在区域天气和气候中的重要作用的科学认识的动力学框架。在更广泛的地球科学界，行星边界层被认为是天气和气候模式不确定性的一个关键来源。该项目将提高海洋大气模拟能力，使天气和气候模拟社区受益，并改善天气和气候服务。该项目将提高我们对控制海气通量的海洋和表面波过程以及美国东北海岸海洋大气边界层结构和演变的认识。其中包括对高分辨率完全耦合的海洋大气波模式模拟的详细验证，这些模拟与对耦合边界层变量的原位和遥感观测以及该区域唯一可用的直接测量的海气通量进行了对比。该项目将完善并正确地将最新的海洋-大气耦合响应实验（COARE）体通量算法纳入天气研究与预报（WRF）大气模式。研究小组将对极端温带气旋和稳定边界层等不同大气条件下的行星边界层和地表过程进行全面的模拟和验证工作。通过广泛的敏感性实验和气候尺度模拟来量化墨西哥湾流、海面温度锋和涡旋、表面波和潮汐的影响，该项目将确定海洋、表面波和海气相互作用在形成区域天气和气候方面的关键作用。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The goal of the project is to determine if and how understanding and representing air-sea interactions improves the hindcast capabilities of high-impact weather events in the US Northeast Coast. The project will improve the simulations of turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture in the surface layer and their coupling with the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. The research will also develop detailed diagnostic techniques for utilizing the existing ocean-atmosphere coupled boundary layer datasets to evaluate the high-resolution coupled model simulations. The results will help solidify the dynamical framework for enhancing our scientific understanding of upper ocean processes, air-sea fluxes, coupled boundary layer responses, and their imperative roles in regional weather and climate. The planetary boundary layer is recognized as a critical source of uncertainty for weather and climate models in the broader earth science community. The project will improve atmospheric modeling capabilities over the oceans, benefiting the weather and climate modeling communities and leading to improved weather and climate services.The project will improve our understanding of the ocean and surface wave processes controlling air-sea fluxes and the structure and evolution of the marine atmospheric boundary layer in the US Northeast Coast. Included are detailed validations of high-resolution fully coupled ocean atmosphere-wave model simulations against in situ and remotely sensed observations of coupled boundary layer variables and directly measured air-sea fluxes uniquely available in the region. The project will refine and correctly incorporate the latest Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk flux algorithm in the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) atmospheric model. The research team will then undertake comprehensive modeling and validation efforts of the planetary boundary layer and surface-layer processes under various atmosphere conditions, including extreme extratropical cyclones and stable boundary layers. Through extensive sensitivity experiments and climate scale simulations to quantify the impacts of the Gulf Stream current, sea surface temperature fronts and eddies, surface waves, and tides, the project will determine the critical roles of the oceans, surface waves, and air-sea interaction in shaping regional weather and climate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.