PIPP Phase I: Next Generation Surveillance Incorporating Public Health, One Health, and Data Science to Detect Emerging Pathogens of Pandemic Potential

新出现的病原体，如SARS-CoV-2，从动物传播到人类，可能导致新的致命疾病。它们在被发现之前就已经传播，从而在发现和应对之前就造成了严重的感染。新疾病的威胁提出了一个巨大的挑战：我们如何定期收集和分析数据以提供早期检测，从而帮助预防新疾病的传播并阻止下一次大流行？ 对COVID-19的延迟反应强调了新的早期检测方法，更有效的数据管理和整合，监测人-动物界面以检测新的和新兴的病原体，以及动物和公共卫生官员之间的更多合作和信息共享的必要性。这个大流行预防预测情报（PIPP）第一阶段：发展赠款项目将提高我们的能力，利用传统和新的数据源与新的计算机算法来监测和预测传染病威胁，以产生可操作的信息，这将改善公共卫生对未来大流行威胁的反应。 我们将与当地和州的公共和动物卫生官员，从业人员和社区领导人合作，培训他们的前沿科学，同时将结果转化为大都市，农村和部落民族社区的解决方案。其成果将是一个全面的动物和公共卫生监测，规划和响应路线图，可以根据社区的独特需求量身定制，同时实现有效的社区响应和管理。该项目将利用多个信息流来识别新出现的威胁信号。实现这一目标需要开发新的诊断工具，提供新的信息源和计算框架，自动化处理，协调和分析大型，动态和异构的数据流。这项工作开发和评估了一套技术的结果，以监测和识别疾病和/或病原体在动物，社区和个人症状发作前的存在和行为反应。该项目利用基于科学的人工智能（AI）/机器学习（ML）方法来分析和融合来自监测和环境数据的数据流，以跟踪跨尺度的预测指标。这些新方法建立在成功应用的基础上：废水监测，以检测病原体，药物和人类健康生物标志物，表明社区存在现有或新出现的传染病（EID），动物监测，以检测许多EID，预测传染病的环境建模，以及呼吸组学，以识别肺癌，COVID-19和结核病患者。这种方法的新颖之处在于，它以分层和并行的方式利用和整合了多个监测数据流，确保了准确性和特异性，并能够将个人到社区范围的采样尺度有效地整合到监测系统中。该项目有助于有效设计和评价应对规划技术。 该奖项得到了跨部门的大流行预防阶段预测情报（PIPP）计划的支持，该计划由生物科学（BIO），计算机信息科学与工程（CISE），工程（ENG）和社会部门共同资助。行为与经济科学（SBE）该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 cross over from animals to humans and can cause new and deadly diseases. They spread before they are identified, allowing significant infection before detection and response. The threat of new diseases presents a Grand Challenge: How can we routinely collect and analyze data to provide early detection that can help prevent the spread of new diseases and stop the next pandemic? Delayed response to COVID-19 underscores the need for new early detection methods, more effective data management and integration, monitoring of the human-animal interface to detect new and emerging pathogens, and more cooperation and information sharing between animal and public health officials. This Predictive Intelligence for Pandemic Prevention (PIPP) Phase I: Development Grants project will improve our ability to monitor and predict infectious disease threats using traditional and new data sources with novel computer algorithms to produce actionable information that will improve public-health responses to future pandemic threats. We will work with local and state public and animal health officials, practitioners, and community leaders to train them on the cutting-edge science while translating the results into solutions for metropolitan, rural and tribal nation communities. The outcome will be a comprehensive animal and public health surveillance, planning, and response roadmap that can be tailored to the unique needs of communities while enabling effective community response and management.This project will leverage multiple streams of information to identify signals of emerging threats. Achieving this goal requires the development of new diagnostic tools that provide novel information sources and computational frameworks that automate the process of ingesting, harmonizing, and analyzing large, dynamic, and heterogeneous data streams. This work develops and evaluates the outcomes of a set of techniques to surveil and identify the presence of and behavioral responses to an illness and/or pathogen in animals, communities, and individuals prior to symptom onset. The project leverages science-based, human-guided Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) methods to analyze and fuse data streams from surveillance and environmental data to track predictive indicators across scales. These novel methods build on successful applications: wastewater surveillance to detect pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and human-health biomarkers indicative of community presence of existing or emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), animal surveillance to detect many EIDs, environmental modeling for forecasting infectious diseases, and breathomics to identify patients with lung cancer, COVID-19, and tuberculosis. This approach is novel in that it harnesses and integrates multiple surveillance data streams in a layered and parallel approach ensuring accuracy and specificity and enabling effective integration of individual-to-community-wide sampling scales into surveillance systems. This project enables effective design and evaluation of response planning techniques. This award is supported by the cross-directorate Predictive Intelligence for Pandemic Prevention Phase I (PIPP) program, which is jointly funded by the Directorates for Biological Sciences (BIO), Computer Information Science and Engineering (CISE), Engineering (ENG) and Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.