Travel: Support for US graduate students and postdocs to attend the 2022 BEPSII international field school

海冰在极地生态系统以及区域和全球气候中发挥着关键作用。海冰调节大气和海洋之间的二氧化碳等气体交换，通过排盐支持全球海洋循环，在温暖的海洋和寒冷的大气之间起到绝缘体的作用，在极地食物网中发挥着关键作用。尽管海冰具有重要意义，但由于获取和分析海冰样本的困难，海冰的研究仍然不足。海冰环境是动态的，存在许多危害，需要相当多的专业知识才能减轻；此外，由于冰是固体，样品进行生物和化学测量往往需要比海水更复杂的准备。这些挑战对新的调查人员来说可能是相当大的障碍，他们通常会通过导师、主管和顾问的一对一培训来学习如何克服这些挑战。该奖项支持美国博士生和博士后研究人员前往国际海冰野外学校学习，该学校由SCAR专家小组海冰界面生物地质化学交换过程(BEPSII)和SCOR工作小组冰层基本气候变量(ECVice)主办。实地考察学校设在加拿大北极高地研究站，这是一个位于加拿大努纳武特剑桥湾的最先进的野外考察站。该校的学生从海冰物理、生物地球化学、生态学和操作方面的国际和本地专家那里获得了最好的野外和实验室综合培训，这将有助于扩大海冰社区的参与，并鼓励新的研究人员从事海冰研究。海冰在北极和南极的生物地球化学循环中起着关键作用。海冰的物理性质对安全和有效的研究提出了挑战，这对新的研究人员来说是一个相当大的障碍。通常，如何在海冰上安全操作、设计实验和进行生物地球化学测量的知识是从导师、导师或论文顾问垂直传递给学生或博士后的。虽然有效，但这将知识区分开来，并将具有不同专业知识、视角和背景的新调查人员排除在海冰生物地球化学研究之外。为了扩大海冰生物地球化学界的参与并鼓励新的研究人员开展海冰研究，SCAR专家小组和SCOR冰层基本气候变量工作组将于2022年5月在加拿大努纳武特剑桥湾的加拿大北极高研究站校园举办一所国际实地学校。该野外学院汇集了国际和当地(Iqaluktuurmiut)海冰物理、生物地球化学、生态学和运筹学方面的专家，为早期职业科学家提供全面的培训计划。该学院将课堂和实践相结合，涵盖的主题包括冰雪采样、海冰碳循环、气体通量测量和理论、营养循环、初级和细菌生产以及生物地球化学建模。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Sea ice plays a critical role in polar ecosystems and in regional and global climate. Sea ice moderates the exchange of carbon dioxide and other gases between the atmosphere and ocean, supports global ocean circulation through salt drainage, acts as an insulator between the warm ocean and cold atmosphere, and plays a key role in polar food webs. Sea ice remains understudied despite its significance due to the difficulty of accessing and analyzing sea ice samples. The sea ice environment is dynamic and presents numerous hazards that require considerable expertise to mitigate; also, because ice is a solid, samples often require more complex preparation for biological and chemical measurements than for seawater. These challenges may be considerable barriers for new investigators, who typically learn how to overcome them through one-on-one training by a mentor, supervisor, and advisor. This award supports travel for US PhD students and postdoctoral researchers to attend an international sea ice field school hosted by the SCAR expert group Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at Sea Ice Interfaces (BEPSII) and SCOR working group Essential Climate Variables in Ice (ECVice). The field school is taking place at the Canadian High Arctic Research Station, a state-of-the-art field station located in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada. Students at the school receive comprehensive training in field and laboratory best from international and local experts in sea ice physics, biogeochemistry, ecology, and operations, which will help broaden participation within the sea ice community and encourage new investigators to undertake sea ice studies. Sea ice plays a key role in Arctic and Antarctic biogeochemical cycles. The physical nature of sea ice presents challenges to safe and effective study that serve as a considerable barrier for new investigators. Typically, knowledge of how to safely operate on sea ice, design experiments, and make biogeochemical measurements is transmitted vertically from a mentor, supervisor, or thesis advisor to a student or postdoc. While effective, this compartmentalizes knowledge and excludes new investigators with different expertise, perspectives, and backgrounds from sea ice biogeochemical studies. To broaden participation within the sea ice biogeochemistry community and encourage new investigators to undertake sea ice studies the Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at Sea Ice Interfaces (BEPSII) SCAR expert group and SCOR working group Essential Climate Variables in Ice (ECVice) is hosting an international field school at the Canadian High Arctic Research Station Campus in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada in May of 2022. The field school brings together international and local (Iqaluktuurmiut) experts in sea ice physics, biogeochemistry, ecology, and operations to provide a comprehensive training program for early career scientists. The school combines classroom and practical sessions and cover topics including snow and ice sampling, the sea ice carbon cycle, gas flux measurements and theory, nutrient cycles, primary and bacterial production, and biogeochemical modeling.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.