SAI-R: Designing an Improved Information Infrastructure for Better Decision Making in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

加强美国基础设施（SAI）是NSF的一项计划，旨在促进以人为本的基础和潜在的变革性研究，以加强美国的基础设施。有效的基础设施为社会经济活力和广泛改善生活质量奠定了坚实的基础。强大、可靠和有效的基础设施刺激私营部门创新，促进经济增长，创造就业机会，提高公共部门服务提供的效率，加强社区建设，促进机会平等，保护自然环境，增强国家安全，并推动美国的领导地位。为了实现这些目标，需要来自科学和工程学科的专业知识。SAI专注于人类推理和决策，治理以及社会和文化过程的知识如何使建设和维护有效的基础设施，改善生活和社会，并建立在技术和工程的进步。解决药品短缺问题的努力取决于在数据收集、关键数据的确定以及将数据转化为预期行动的工具方面的重大创新。SAI的研究项目旨在满足这一需求，为制药供应链设计一个新的信息基础设施。该研究侧重于三个重要的挑战，为新基础设施的设计提供信息。一个是建立共享信息的安全机制。另一个目标是加强分析结构，以支持决策。第三是更好地理解决策行为的多样性以及这些行为如何受到可用信息的影响。该研究支持制定透明的政策，以解决药品供应链问题。该项目与药品短缺和药品政策专家、各种利益相关者以及私营技术部门合作，围绕四个研究方向展开。Thrust 1开发了制药供应链利益相关者的人类行为的新的和现实的模型，重点是决策的输入。通过方法创新和开发新的分析方法来提取表征行为的可操作数据，推进了对人类推理和决策的理解。Thrust 3引入了新的基于网络的指标，用于识别复杂系统中的风险和漏洞，并扩展了这些指标，以解决服务网络中的时空问题。重点4考虑了通过开发和比较基于数据协调和差异隐私原则的原型服务系统来平衡隐私，安全和透明度需求的新模型。该研究的重点是制药行业，但这种融合和综合的研究方法作为一个可重复使用的模型，为其他领域的决策和分析的系统范围内的影响，在基础设施的变化。经济（SBE）该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持的搜索.

Strengthening American Infrastructure (SAI) is an NSF Program seeking to stimulate human-centered fundamental and potentially transformative research that strengthens America’s infrastructure. Effective infrastructure provides a strong foundation for socioeconomic vitality and broad quality of life improvement. Strong, reliable, and effective infrastructure spurs private-sector innovation, grows the economy, creates jobs, makes public-sector service provision more efficient, strengthens communities, promotes equal opportunity, protects the natural environment, enhances national security, and fuels American leadership. To achieve these goals requires expertise from across the science and engineering disciplines. SAI focuses on how knowledge of human reasoning and decision-making, governance, and social and cultural processes enables the building and maintenance of effective infrastructure that improves lives and society and builds on advances in technology and engineering.The American medical system experiences recurrent shortages of critical pharmaceutical products. Efforts to address drug shortages depend on significant innovations in data collection, identification of critical data, and tools for converting the data into desired action. This SAI research project addresses this need to design a new Information Infrastructure for pharmaceutical supply chains. The research focuses on three important challenges to inform the design of a new infrastructure. One is developing secure mechanisms for sharing information. Another is enhancing the analytical structure to support decision-making. The third is to achieve a better understanding of the diversity of decision-making behaviors and how these behaviors are influenced by the available information. The research supports the development of transparent policies to address pharmaceutical supply chain issues.Working with experts on drug shortages and pharmaceutical policy, a diverse set of stakeholders, and the private technology sector, the project is organized around four research thrusts. Thrust 1 develops new and realistic models of human behavior of pharmaceutical supply chain stakeholders, focusing on the inputs into decision-making. Thrust 2 advances understanding of human reasoning and decision-making through methodological innovations and development of new analytical methods for extracting actionable data that characterize behaviors. Thrust 3 introduces new network-based metrics for identifying risks and vulnerabilities within complex systems and extends the metrics to address spatio-temporal considerations in service networks. Thrust 4 considers new models for balancing the needs of privacy, security, and transparency through development and comparison of prototype service systems that build on the principles of data harmonization and differential privacy. The research focuses on the pharmaceutical industry, but this convergent and integrative research approach serves as a reusable model for other areas of decision-making and analysis of system-wide effects of changes in infrastructure.This award is supported by the Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic (SBE) Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.