Collaborative Research: SHINE: Where Are Particles Accelerated in Coronal Jets?

关于脉冲太阳高能粒子的源区及其逃逸到日光层的关键问题仍然存在。了解它们的起源将有助于预测空间天气及其对航天器和仪器的影响。该项目涉及太阳、日光层和行星际环境（SHINE）的目标，以加强对太阳产生磁场和粒子形式的能量并在行星际空间加速的过程的了解。研究生和本科生研究人员将得到支持。此外，还将建立一个太阳日冕喷流事件数据库，该项目是对日冕喷流的观测和理论研究，以回答两个科学问题：（1）电子在活动区外围喷流中的加速位置？(2)来自活动区外围喷流的耀斑加速粒子如何逃逸到日球层？该方法结合了高质量的观察与最先进的数值模拟。该团队将选择和分析来自天基和地基观测站的活动区域外围的一组日冕射流，包括NSF资助的扩展欧文斯谷太阳能阵列。他们将确定哪些类型的喷流与脉冲太阳高能粒子事件有关，高能电子位于太阳源内外的何处，以及这些事件如何演变。它们的磁拓扑结构将通过磁图的非线性无力场外推来估计。根据数据分析结果，他们将在与观测事件的典型属性一致的初始条件下进行模拟。用粒子跟踪代码对模拟输出进行后处理，将揭示电子在哪里被激发，它们的光谱如何演变，以及这些高能粒子如何逃逸。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Key questions remain regarding the source regions of impulsive solar energetic particles and their escape into the heliosphere. Understanding their origin will help in forecasting space weather and its impacts on spacecraft and instruments. This project addresses the Solar, Heliospheric, and Interplanetary Environment (SHINE) goal to enhance understanding of processes by which energy in the form of magnetic fields and particles are produced by the Sun and accelerated in interplanetary space. Graduate and undergraduate researchers will be supported. Further, a database of solar coronal-jet events will be created.The project is an observational and theoretical study of coronal jets to answer two science questions: (1) Where are electrons accelerated in active-region periphery jets? (2) How do flare-accelerated particles from active-region periphery jets escape into the heliosphere? The approach combines high-quality observations with state-of-the-art numerical simulations. The team will select and analyze a set of coronal jets at active-region peripheries from space-based and ground-based observatories, including the NSF-funded Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array. They will determine which types of jets are associated with impulsive solar energetic particle events, where the high-energy electrons are located both within and beyond the solar sources, and how these events evolve. Their magnetic topologies will be estimated by nonlinear force-free field extrapolations from magnetograms. Based on the data analysis results, they will perform simulations with initial conditions consistent with typical properties of the observed events. Postprocessing the simulation output with the particle-tracking code will reveal where electrons are energized, how their spectra evolve, and how these energetic particle escape.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.