CAREER: GLOW: Linking the atmospheric and bulk compositions of rocky exoplanets: Constraints from meteorite outgassing analyses

加州大学圣克鲁兹分校（University of California-Santa Cruz）的米里亚姆·特鲁斯（Myriam Telus）博士进行了实验，测量陨石被加热到行星形成过程中的高温时释放的气体。这些实验被用来了解岩石行星内部和大气层之间的联系。这项工作还为本科生和研究生提供了实践研究经验。大气层是行星周围的一层气体，我们对它还有很多不了解的地方。岩石行星，像地球一样，在它们形成的早期阶段可能会形成大气层。行星大气层的形成是由于行星内部的加热而释放出气体。陨石是行星形成初期遗留下来的岩石物质。它们提供了一种独特的方式，将大气的初始构成与形成行星的成分联系起来。这种联系很重要，因为行星不容易用望远镜观测到；进入其他世界的主要窗口是通过它们的大气层。研究人员将确定陨石放气物质的组成，特别是那些与系外行星观测有关的物质，如H2O、CO、CO2和CH4。目的是：1)使用热重分析仪结合小型气相色谱仪系统，在温度高达1600°C和各种氧化还原条件下测量各种陨石类型的气体种类的放气；2)使用互补的地球化学技术来跟踪放气残留物的总体组成和矿物学变化。这些实验与岩石行星有关，包括那些围绕类太阳恒星的行星，那些在更氧化的条件下形成的行星，热岩石行星，以及那些经历开放系统条件的行星。这项研究可以为观测、建模和解释系外行星的大气特征提供基础数据。这个研究者的实验方法是一个重要的转变，从基于模型的方法通常用于解决这种联系。天文学司和地球科学司通过合作伙伴关系提供了共同资金，重点是来自其他世界的地球科学课程（GLOW）。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The investigator, Dr. Myriam Telus of the University of California-Santa Cruz, has developed experiments to measure gases released when meteorites are heated to the high temperatures occurring during planet formation. These experiments are used to understand the link between the interior and atmospheres of rocky planets. This work also provides hands-on research experience for students at both the undergraduate and graduate level. There is still much that is not understand about atmospheres, the layer of gases surrounding planets. Rocky planets, like the Earth, may form atmospheres during the early stages of their formation. Planet atmospheres form when gas is released from the planet due to heating within its interior. Meteorites are left over rocky material from the early stages of planet formation. They provide a unique way to link the initial makeup of atmospheres to the ingredients that went into building planets. This connection is important because planets are not easily observed by telescopes; the main window into other worlds is through their atmospheres. The investigator will determine the composition of meteorite outgassing species, especially those relevant for exoplanet observations such as H2O, CO, CO2, and CH4. The objectives are to 1) use a thermogravimetric analyzer combined with a small gas chromatograph system to measure the outgassing of gas species for various meteorite types at temperatures up to 1600°C and under various redox conditions and 2) use complementary geochemical techniques to track changes in the bulk composition and mineralogy of outgassing residues. These experiments are relevant for rocky planets, including those around Sun-like stars, those that formed in more oxidizing conditions, hot rocky planets, and those that experience open-system conditions. This research can provide foundational data for observing, modeling, and interpreting atmospheric signatures of exoplanets. The experimental approach of this investigator is an important shift from model-based methods typically used to address this connection.Co-funding was provided by the Division of Astronomy and Division of Earth Sciences through a partnership focused on Geoscience Lessons for and from Other Worlds (GLOW).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.