Processing speaker's meaning: Epistemic state, cooperation, commitment

该项目旨在提高我们对说话者意义的在线理解的认识，即识别并在必要时重建说话者在发出特定话语时的心理表征和意图。我们的实验语用学研究从两个不同的角度出发。第一条线的调查追求的作用，特定的语用方面的发言者的意义在语言处理，包括认知状态，合作，可靠性和承诺。第二行旨在评估和推进一个合理的语言理解的神经认知模型及其对语用处理的预测。在以往的研究中，基于视角的推理，我们已经看到，特定于说话人的认知状态影响语言理解，不同的知识状态被考虑到离线的真值判断，并随着时间的推移，视角的变化。在这个项目阶段，我们计划进一步探索这些处理效果的来源以及基于视角推理的时间动态。 我们还希望将对说话者特定效应的研究扩展到说话者可能会公然违反质量准则的第一个子准则（“不要说你认为是假的”）的情况，即当她被认为是一个臭名昭著的骗子或喜剧演员时，以及对说话者遵守质量准则有合理怀疑的情况。至关重要的是，我们追求通过这条线的研究的研究问题是找出这些扬声器的具体特征的后果是否并行计算，并导致在早期修改什么是预期从合作扬声器或质量推断是否自动计算和切换到一个非善意的模式随后启动。 我们还研究了说话人的视角和真理条件承诺，通过加工涉及缩小，排序和表达内容的常规含义。这将使我们能够确定潜在的相似性和不同的处理不同的含义，这可能是定性或定量的性质。该项目是1727优先计划“XPrag.de：基于实验证据的新语用理论”的共同目标的组成部分，通过使用不同的实验方法来解决语用处理的问题。它将来自真值判断任务的行为数据与来自电生理学，鼠标跟踪和速度准确性权衡的时间敏感措施相结合。它关注说话者意义的新方面，并试图找出不同语用机制的共性和差异。对于XPrag.de的目标来说，更重要的是在实时理解数据的基础上制定一个生物学上合理的语言架构。

This project seeks to advance our knowledge of the online comprehension of speaker's meaning, i.e. the identification and if necessary reconstruction of the mental representation and intentions of the speaker when making a particular utterance. Our research in experimental pragmatics departs from two distinct points of view. The first line of investigation pursues the role of particular pragmatic aspects of speaker's meaning in language processing, including epistemic states, cooperation, reliability and commitment. The second line seeks to assess and advance a neuro-cognitively plausible model of language comprehension and its predictions for pragmatic processing. In previous research on perspective-based reasoning, we have seen that speaker-specific epistemic states affect language comprehension, that different knowledge states are taken into consideration in offline truth value judgment, and that perspective taking changes over time. In this project phase, we plan to further explore the source for these processing effects as well as the temporal dynamics of perspective-based reasoning. We also want to expand the research on speaker-specific effects to situations in which the speaker might be expected to blatantly violate the first submaxim of Quality ('do not say what you believe to be false'), i.e. when she is known as a notorious liar or comedian and to situations in which there is reasonable doubt that the speaker adheres to the maxim of Quality. Crucially, the research question we pursue through this line of research is to find out whether the consequences of these speaker-specific traits are computed in parallel and result in early modifications of what is to be expected from a cooperative speaker or whether quality inferences are computed automatically and a switch to a non-bona-fide mode is initiated subsequently. We also investigate speaker's perspective and truth conditional commitment through the processing of conventional implicatures involved in narrowing, ordering and expressive content. This will allow us to identify potential similarities and differences in the processing of different implicatures, which may be of qualitative or quantitative nature. This project is integral to the common goals of the Priority Program 1727 'XPrag.de: New Pragmatic Theories based on Experimental Evidence' by using diverse experimental methods to address questions of pragmatic processing. It combines behavioral data from truth value judgment tasks with time-sensitive measures from electrophysiology, mouse tracking and speed accuracy trade-off. It attends to new aspects of speaker's meaning and seeks to identify the commonalities and differences of different pragmatic mechanisms. It is further essential for the goal of XPrag.de to formulate a biologically plausible language architecture on the basis of real-time comprehension data.