Towards High-Performance and Carbon-Negative Civil Structures with Renewable Bio-Based Materials: A Topology Optimization Approach

使用碳密集型材料建造的民用建筑会产生大量温室气体排放。有效减少温室气体排放部分可以通过采用碳负生物建筑材料(例如木材和竹子)来实现。虽然这些材料的力学性能已经被研究，但如何利用其固有的各向异性行为来最大限度地提高结构性能仍然是一个欠发达的课题。该奖项旨在建立一个理论、计算和实验验证的框架，以使下一代碳负向土木结构具有最小的生命周期环境影响和最大的结构性能。通过基于物理的优化、量身定制的制造和产业协作，该项目将产生创新的结构解决方案，产生负净碳排放、高性能和高效材料利用，并有效地为减少温室气体和减缓气候变化做出贡献。这项研究将通过在外联活动中创建互动式教育工具来吸引代表性不足的少数群体参与，在课堂上解决行业挑战问题，并通过吸引从业者来加强学术界/行业互动来补充这项研究。研究的具体目标是将优化与环境影响考虑、基于物理的建模、实验制造和验证相结合，以了解、优化和实现高性能和碳负向民用结构。我们追求四个综合目标。将创建一种通用的多材料结构表示法，以对基于生物的材料和传统材料进行参数化、建模和集成。在此基础上，将形成一个面向可持续发展的多目标优化框架，以生成具有高性能、负碳排放和材料效率的结构。将建立优化解决方案在结构应用中的实际使用的系统路径。生成的优化结构将在桌面级和米级进行原型设计，以验证性能和理论。该项目将揭示最优结构布局的基本知识，以及如何将各向异性生物基材料与传统建筑材料一起分布，以实现结构性能的最大化。该项目将为设计和优化下一代碳负土木结构建立一个新的范例，最终帮助有效地缓解气候变化，同时实现轻量化和最佳的结构性能。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Civil structures built with carbon-intensive materials produce a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Effective reduction of greenhouse gas can be partially achieved by the adoption of carbon-negative bio-based construction materials (e.g., timber and bamboo). While the mechanical properties of these materials have been studied, how to capitalize on their intrinsic anisotropic behaviors to maximize structural performance remains an underdeveloped topic. This award aims to establish a theoretical, computational, and experimentally validated framework to enable next-generation carbon-negative civil structures with minimized life-cycle environmental impact and maximized structural performance. Through physics-based optimization, tailored fabrication, and industrial collaboration, this project will produce innovative structural solutions that yield negative net-carbon emissions, high performance, and efficient material use, and effectively contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas and mitigation of climate change. The research will be complemented by creating interactive educational tools in outreach activities to engage underrepresented minorities, solving industry challenge problems in the classroom, and enhancing academia/industry interactions by engaging practitioners. The specific goal of the research is to synergistically integrate optimization with environmental impact considerations, physics-based modeling, experimental fabrication and validation to understand, optimize, and realize high-performance and carbon-negative civil structures. Four integrated objectives are pursued. A versatile multi-material structural representation to parametrize, model, and integrate both bio-based and conventional materials will be created. Based on the representation, a sustainability-oriented multi-objective optimization framework that generates structures with high performance, negative carbon emissions, and material efficiency will be formulated. Systematic pathways for the practical use of optimized solutions in structural applications will be established. The generated optimized structures will be prototyped at desktop-scale and meter-scale to validate performance and theory. This project will reveal fundamental knowledge of the optimal structural layouts and how to distribute anisotropic bio-based materials with conventional construction materials to achieve maximized structural performance. This project will establish a new paradigm for designing and optimizing next-generation carbon-negative civil structures to eventually help effectively mitigate climate change while achieving lightweight and optimal structural performance.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.