Collaborative Research: SII-NRDZ-SBE: Enabling Fairness-Aware and Privacy-Preserving Spatial Spectrum Sharing

全球范围内频谱使用的增加使得有效的频谱共享成为重要的经济话题。共享频谱的一种方式是允许次要用户（SU）动态地利用主要用户（PU）在特定时间和位置不使用的频谱。设计频谱管理机制以提高效率、公平性和隐私性，同时防止共谋是至关重要的。效率确保最重视频谱的频谱用户最终获得频谱，竞争保护确保防止二级频谱购买者之间的串通。特别是，SU之间的串通行为可能导致PU获得较低的价格。从长远来看，PU将不太愿意共享或出售频谱，导致这一重要资源没有得到充分利用。隐私性建立了频谱用户关于位置或定价的私人信息不被泄露，这防止了对宽带提供商或消费者的恶意攻击，以避免宽带中断或干扰。公平原则确立了相似的频谱用户得到相似的对待，从而建立了对频谱共享的信任。该研究小组采用经济学和计算机科学的方法来开发考虑所有四个属性的新型频谱共享机制。三个主要目标是：（1）构建在保持效率的同时保持竞争的机制，（2）设计确保效率的隐私保护方案，（3）确定满足所有四个属性的经济方法和算法。目前的频谱共享算法通常集中在维护效率或隐私。研究人员同时考虑了这两个属性以及竞争保护和公平性。这项研究增强了那些研究拍卖谁有兴趣在隐私保护，公平性和联盟预防以及那些有兴趣在实施这些机制的知识。特别地，在推力1中，新的拍卖机制包括位置，考虑到协商能力和信息可用性，以提高频谱效率并防止共谋。此外，隐私保护是一个话题，最近已经成为流行的，虽然在经济文献中很少有隐私保护机制。推力2增加了如何在博弈论框架中实现更高的频谱利用率和用户位置隐私的知识。位置混淆机制和效用函数的新算法将更适合于定向传输的空间频谱共享。Thrust 3专注于新的经济方法和算法，将确保空间频谱中的联合竞争保护，效率，公平和隐私。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Worldwide increase in spectrum usage has made efficient spectrum sharing an important economic topic. One way to share the spectrum is to allow secondary users (SUs) to dynamically utilize the spectrum that primary users (PUs) do not use at a particular time and location. It is vital to design spectrum management mechanisms to promote efficiency, fairness, and privacy while preventing collusion. Efficiency ensures that the spectrum users who value the spectrum the most end up with it. Competition preservation ensures that collusion among secondary spectrum buyers is prevented. In particular, collusive behaviors among SUs can result in a lower price awarded to the PU. In the long run, the PU will be less willing to share or sell the spectrum, resulting in this important resource not being fully utilized. Privacy establishes that a spectrum user’s private information regarding location or pricing is not revealed, which prevents malicious attacks to a broadband provider or consumer to avoid broadband outages or interference. Fairness establishes that similar spectrum users are treated similarly, thus creating trust in spectrum sharing. The research team employs methods from economics and computer science to develop novel spectrum sharing mechanisms that take account of all four properties. The three main objectives are (1) to construct mechanisms that preserve competition while maintaining efficiency, (2) to design privacy preservation schemes that ensure efficiency, and (3) to identify economic approaches and algorithms that meet all four properties. Current spectrum sharing algorithms generally focus on either maintaining efficiency or privacy. The researchers consider both of these properties at the same time as well as competition preservation and fairness. The research enhances the knowledge of those studying auctions who are interested in privacy preservation, fairness, and coalition prevention as well as those interested in the implementation of such mechanisms. In particular, in Thrust 1, new auction mechanisms include location, in consideration of negotiation power and information availability, to increase spectral efficiency and prevent collusion. Furthermore, privacy preservation is a topic that has become popular recently although there are few privacy preservation mechanisms in the economic literature. Thrust 2 adds to the knowledge of how to achieve both higher spectral utilization and user location privacy in a game-theoretic framework. Novel algorithms for location obfuscation mechanisms and utility functions will be more suitable for spatial spectrum sharing with directional transmissions. Thrust 3 focuses on new economic approaches and algorithms will ensure joint competition preservation, efficiency, fairness, and privacy in spatial spectrum.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.