Quantum magnetism in one-dimensional spinor gases

超冷原子气体提供了一个非常可控的方案，研究强关联系统的一般，特别是一维气体。一维物理呈现出有趣的，在许多情况下违反直觉的性质，多年来吸引了凝聚态物理学的主要兴趣。冷气体中相互作用和维数的控制使得一维气体在强相互作用状态下得以实现，包括Tonks-Girardeau气体的里程碑式实现。最近在海德堡进行的关于强相互作用的一维自旋1/2费米气体的实验由于对粒子数量、自旋不平衡和粒子间相互作用的精确控制而引起了大量的关注。这些实验已经开始揭示一维多组分（旋量）气体的丰富物理学。我们最近表明，在适当的条件下，这种自旋为1/2的气体可以被认为是自旋链的实现，从而打开了研究一维量子磁性而不需要光晶格的可能性。在这个项目中，我们将研究囚禁的一维强相互作用旋量气体的物理。一方面，我们将致力于一维自旋1/2系统中自旋序的检测。这项分析将对海德堡正在进行的实验产生重大影响，我们将与海德堡密切合作。另一方面，我们将研究一维旋量气体的新方案，包括量子计算思想的可能实现，玻色-玻色和玻色-费米混合物的分析，更高自旋系统的研究（SU（N）系统和具有自旋变化碰撞的系统），具有位置和/或时间相关耦合的自旋模型的创建和分析，以及束缚态的形成和性质。

Ultracold atomic gases provide an extraordinarily controllable scenario for the study of strongly-correlated systems in general, and of one-dimensional gases in particular. One-dimensional physics presents intriguing, and at many instances counter-intuitive properties that have attracted a major interest of condensed-matter physics since many years. The control of interactions and dimensionality in cold gases has allowed for the realization of one-dimensional gases in the strongly-interacting regime, including the milestone realization of the Tonks-Girardeau gas. Very recent experiments at Heidelberg on strongly-interacting one-dimensional spin-1/2 Fermi gases have attracted a large deal of attention due to the exquisite control of the number of particles, spin imbalance and interparticle interactions. These experiments have started to unveil the rich physics of one-dimensional multi-component (spinor) gases. We recently showed that under proper conditions this spin-1/2 gas may be considered a realization of a spin chain, hence opening the possibility of studying one-dimensional quantum magnetism without the need of an optical lattice. In this project we will study the physics of trapped one-dimensional strongly-interacting spinor gases. On one side, we will focus on the detection of spin order in one-dimensional spin-1/2 systems. This analysis will significantly impact on ongoing experiments at Heidelberg, with whom we will closely collaborate. On the other side, we will study novel scenarios for one-dimensional spinor gases, including the possible implementation of quantum computing ideas, the analysis of Bose-Bose and Bose-Fermi mixtures, the study of higher-spin systems (both SU(N) systems, and systems with spin-changing collisions), the creation and analysis of spin models with position- and/or time-dependent couplings, and the formation and properties of bound states.