The polychrome wooden sculptures of the Jesuit reductions in Paracuaria, 1609 -1767Art Technological investigation with regards to the contribution of German Jesuits

从1609年到1767年耶稣会士在包括今天巴拉圭、阿根廷和巴西在内的部分地区被驱逐之前，帕拉库亚里亚的耶稣会国家仍在研究中有争议地讨论。判断范围从实现乌托邦、基督教理想国家、基督教共产主义到通过其他手段殖民化，从直接的耶稣会充实到成功的发展援助。从艺术的角度来看，这两种文化的冲突无疑是遗产，因为它们是截然不同的：新石器时代的美洲印第安人，瓜拉尼印第安人，以及来自西班牙、意大利、法国、比利时、波希米亚和德国的欧洲耶稣会传教士。视觉艺术是耶稣会士传播基督教的重要手段。在1778年骑士团被驱逐之后，30座装饰华丽的教会教堂保留了下来，其中有许多祭坛、绘画和彩色木制雕塑。自1984年以来，有7处传教遗址被列为世界遗产。艺术史上对这种雕塑存量的处理还处于起步阶段。由于这些雕塑既没有签名也没有日期，而且传统的档案只允许在特殊情况下进行记录，专家们对各种表现形式的分类存在分歧。由于确切的库存目前还不清楚，有关分配、维护和技术的数据尚未登记，甚至没有系统地编制。直到现在才对这些数字进行科学、艺术和技术的分析。缺乏对雕刻技术的进一步系统研究，只有在特殊情况下才能确定木材的类型。该项目是历史学家、艺术史学家、神学家、人类学家和民族学家、科学家、艺术技术专家和修复者的跨学科合作，旨在记录和检查雕塑库存，并准备一份耶稣会还原的彩色木雕目录，并对所有雕塑进行专业的摄影记录。这些作品将进行艺术历史编辑，艺术技术检查，并将提供全面的材料规定（木材类型，着色剂，粘合剂，后续修订和保护材料）。作品的跨学科研究应提供关于雕塑的制作、起源、风格发展、原始外观、功能和背景的信息。目录将以西班牙语和英语在互联网上发布，包括所有相关信息。

The polychrome wooden sculptures of the Jesuit reductions in Paracuaria, 1609 - 1767 Art Technological investigation including the contribution of German Jesuits The Jesuit state of Paracuaria, which existed from 1609 to the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767 in the area that includes parts of present-day Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil, is still controversially discussed in the research. The judgments range from the realization of a utopia, the Christian ideal state, the Christian communism to colonization by other means and direct Jesuit enrichment up to successful development aid. The heritage is indisputably in the artistic view of this clash of two cultures, as they could not be more different: the neolithic living American Indian population, the Guarani Indians, and the European Jesuit missionaries from Spain, Italy, France, Belgium, Bohemia and Germany. Visual art served the Jesuits as an important means to Christianity. After the expulsion of the order in 1778, 30 magnificently decorated mission churches, with numerous altars, paintings and polychrome wooden sculptures remained. Since 1984, seven of the mission ruins are World Heritage. Art historically the treatment of this sculpture stock is still at the beginning. Since the sculptures are neither signed nor dated and also the traditional archival only allow write-ups in exceptional cases, the experts are divided over how the various manifestations are classified. Because the exact inventory is not clear today, the data on the distribution, maintenance and technology are not yet registered or not even compiled systematically. A scientific-art technological analysis of these figures did not take place until the present time. Further systematic studies to the carving techniques are lacking and only in exceptional cases the types of wood are determined. The project is an interdisciplinary collaboration of historians, art historians, theologians, anthropologists and ethnologists, scientists, art technologists and restorers and aims to document and examine the sculptures inventory as well as prepare a catalog of the polychrome wood sculptures of the Jesuit reductions, with professional photographic documentation of all sculptures. The works are going to be edited art historically, examined art technologically and comprehensive material provisions are going to be made (types of woods, colorants, binders, subsequent revisions and conservation materials). The interdisciplinary study of the works should provide information on the production, origin, development of styles, the original appearance, functionality and the context of the sculptures. The catalog is going to be published in Spanish and English on the Internet, including all related information.