Geoarchaeological investigations of harbours of the 12th and 13th cent. along the Hever Estuary (North Frisia) starting at the trading settlement of Rungholt - RUNGHOLT -

北弗里西亚海岸在中世纪高峰期和晚期都受到土地开垦措施和几次灾难性风暴潮的影响，是一种极具活力的自然和文化景观(教科文组织自2009年以来一直是世界自然遗产)。尤其是12和13世纪，当海岸线比今天更西边时，人们对沿海古地理和港口的定位和结构的了解很少。虽然有一些关于海港遗址的历史、地图和考古证据，但关于它们的位置和它们是如何嵌入古环境的详细地质考古数据直到今天仍然缺失。这主要是因为以前的沼泽地的大部分在风暴潮中消失了，特别是在1362年的第一次格罗特·曼德兰克期间，而且在潮滩地区工作很复杂。因此，RUNGHOLT项目的主要目标是本地化、重建和评估第12和第13中心的港口地点。在胡苏姆附近Hever河口的Wadden地带，必须将其视为运输和发展轴线。我们计划在3个方面进行研究。Rungholt(Halig Südfall)和Trendermarsch(Nordstrand)周围的中世纪高中世纪沼泽地，由于与风暴有关的入侵而位于今天的瓦登海，以及米尔德堡(Rantrum)周围的沼泽地，自中世纪晚期以来一直没有发生过重大变化，可以重建例如由海平面波动和洪水事件造成的古环境变化。再加上复杂的人-环境相互作用，这些变化对住区和港口时空结构的影响可以在填海造地措施和考虑潮汐差异的情况下沿着东西横断面示范记录下来。在RUNGHOLT项目中，这是第一次计划在潮滩上通过振动、钻孔地球物理和地球物理调查进行系统的地质考古研究。方法学的重点在于对沉积物进行多指标分析，例如通过磁化率测量、(地球)碱金属和重金属的地球化学分析、同位素浓度的测定和微化石分析。树状年代学研究、放射性碳测年和使用氨基酸外消旋的相对年龄估计将产生地质年代地层信息。RUNGHOLT项目基于美因茨大学和基尔大学之间的跨学科合作，整合了PP 1630地球物理中心项目。首席调查员(PI)在海岸和港口的历史地理和地质考古研究方面拥有长期经验。RUNGHOLT项目与Pis Jöns和Segschneider关于贸易码头和Geest边缘防御工事的北海项目协调一致，以实现最大的协同增效。

The coasts of North Frisia which, during High and Late Middle Ages, were subject to both land reclamation measures and several catastrophic storm surges, represent a highly dynamic natural and cultural landscape (UNESCO World Natural Heritage since 2009). Especially for the 12th and 13th cent., when the coastline lay further west than today, only little knowledge exists on coastal palaeogeographies on the one hand and on the localization and structure of harbours on the other. Although there is some historic, cartographic and archaeological evidence regarding harbour sites, detailed geoarchaeological data on their position and how they were embedded in the palaeoenvironment are still missing until this day. This is mostly because large parts of the former marshland got lost within the course of storm surges, especially during the 1st Grote Mandränke in 1362, and because working in tidal flat areas is complicated. The main objectives of the RUNGHOLT project thus are to localize, reconstruct and evaluate harbour sites of the 12th and 13th cent. in the wadden zone along the Hever Estuary near Husum which has to be regarded as transport and development axis. We plan to carry out studies in three areas. The high-medieval marshland around Rungholt (Hallig Südfall) and the Trendermarsch (Nordstrand), located in todays wadden sea due to storm-related ingressions, as well as the marshland around the Mildeburg (Rantrum), which has not undergone substantial changes since the High Middle Ages, allow reconstructing palaeoenvironmental changes, for instance caused by sea level fluctuations and flood events. Together with complex man-environment interactions, the effects of these changes on the spatio-temporal structure of settlements and harbours can be exemplarily documented along a west-east transect within the context of land reclamation measures and considering tidal differences. Within the RUNGHOLT project, this is the first time that systematic geoarchaeological studies by means of vibracoring, borehole geophysics and geophysical surveys are planned to be realized in tidal flats. The methodological focus lies on multi proxy analyses of sediments for example by magnetic susceptibility measurements, geochemical analyses of (earth) alkaline and heavy metals, the determination of isotope concentrations and microfossil analyses. Dendrochronologic studies, radiocarbon dating and relative age estimation using amino acid racemization will yield geochronostratigraphic information. The RUNGHOLT project is based on an interdisciplinary co-operation between the universities of Mainz and Kiel integrating the Geophysical Central Project of PP 1630. Principal investigators (PIs) have longtime experience in historic-geographical and geoarchaeological research on coasts and harbours. The RUNGHOLT project was harmonized with the North Sea project of PIs Jöns and Segschneider on trading terps and Geest fringe fortifications to achieve maximum synergies.