The International Organization of National Energy Policy: Great Britain and Western Germany in the International Energy Agency (IEA), 1974-1993

该研究项目以能源政策为例，仔细研究了自1970年代以来国际组织在制定国家政策方面的相关性。在这一时期，国际组织的史学和政治学文献数量有了相当大的增长。这项从国际角度进行的研究从这一事实推断出这些组织对其成员国的影响越来越大。与此形成对比的是，从国家角度关注某些政策领域的文献忽视了国际影响。在这一惊人差异的基础上，该项目询问，自1970年代以来，国际组织的增加是否改变了管理方式，以及如何改变了管理方式。能源政策是分析国际组织影响的一个非常重要的案例，因为它是由不同的国家经济结构形成的，而这些结构往往与国际需求不一致。该项目的聚光灯下矗立着国际能源机构(IEA)，该机构成立于1974年，是西方工业化国家对石油危机的反应。国际能源署过去是，现在也是一个机构，是国家能源官员和秘书处成员谈判达成的共同能源政治目标，这些目标旨在长期减少对欧佩克石油的依赖。该项目首次评估了国际能源署的档案材料及其首任执行主任乌尔夫·兰茨克的文件。根据这些国际材料和国家档案来源，该项目分析了国际能源署的共同工作是如何运作的。成员国和秘书处如何确定共同的能源政治目标以及实现这些目标的手段？哪些普遍原则被接受了，为什么其他原则失败了？各国政府在多大程度上试图利用国际能源署来实现某些国家目标？从国家的角度来看，国际能源署的意义是什么？在第二步，该项目询问国际能源署如何努力确保成员国遵守其政策指导方针。这方面的主要工具是对其成员国的能源政策进行定期同行审查。通过对其两个主要成员国英国和西德的比较，该项目试图评估通过国际能源署的讨论和程序协调的共同观点和转移的想法以何种方式影响了一个由国家经济利益主导的政策领域。该项目的成果将以专著和文章的形式出版。

The research project scrutinizes the relevance of international organizations for national policy making since the 1970s using the example of energy policy. The historiographical and political science literature has registered a considerable quantitative increase in international organizations for this period. The research that takes an international perspective infers from this fact a growing influence of these organizations on its member states. In contrast to this, the literature that focuses from a national perspective on certain policy fields ignored international effects. On the basis of this striking discrepancy the project asks if and how the way of governing changed since the 1970s by the increase of international organizations. Energy policy is a very significant case for analyzing the impact of international organizations because it is shaped by divergent national economic structures that are often inconsistent with international demands. In the spotlight of the project stands the International Energy Agency (IEA), which was founded in 1974 as a reaction of the Western industrialized countries to the oil crisis. The IEA was and is a body were national energy officers and members of the secretariat negotiated common energy political goals, which were intended to reduce the dependence on OPEC-oil in the long run. The project evaluates the archival material of the IEA and the papers of its first executive director Ulf Lantzke for the first time. Based on this international material and sources of national archives the project analyzes how the common work in the IEA functioned. How did the member countries and the secretariat determine common energy political goals and the means to reach them? Which general principles became accepted, why did others fall through? To what extent did the national governments try to exploit the IEA to achieve certain national objectives and what was the significance of the IEA from the national point of view? In a second step the project asks how the IEA tried to ensure the compliance of the member states with its policy guidelines. The main tool for this was the regular peer-review of its members' energy policy. With a comparison of two of its main member states, Great Britain and West Germany, the project tries to evaluate in what way the common views and transferred ideas, harmonized by discussions and procedures in the IEA, influenced a policy field dominated by national economic interests. The results of the project will be published as a monography and in articles.