Intelligent Substitution Models in Structural Design

在建筑规划过程的早期阶段考虑结构设计方面，可以为规划决策提供可靠的支持，并显著提高效率。在子项目5 （TP5）的第一阶段，研究方法包括阐述基于知识的系统（KBS），该系统根据开发水平提供结构工程知识。使用实现的智能替代模型，确定适用的建议作为选项，并对建筑设计的结构元素进行评估。对于设计变更的处理，提出了一种识别妥协的概念和估计修改效果的替代模型。在TP5的第二阶段，将制定基本原则，利用KBS来完成相关知识，鼓励跨学科合作，提高规划决策的透明度，并最终优化设计过程。所提供的规划支持的普遍适用性要求整合涉及其他建筑材料和施工方法的知识。以木材和木材复合结构为例验证了KBS的可积性。实现了特定材料知识库和相关的TSK推理系统，并提出了TP4的评估变体。对复杂的跨学科设计标准的早期考虑导致了集中的规划支持，从而增加了设计过程的接受度和效率，并促进了跨学科的合作。通过获取标准和边界条件的专家规则以及验证其在推理系统中的应用，研究了将这种复杂需求集成到KBS的智能替代模型中的问题。对于一个有效的设计过程，早期识别和处理高度复杂的结构问题是特别重要的。由于参数研究的复杂性，其计算量通常非常大，因此在专家估计和特殊工程经验中使用自然语言规则。为了在KBS中利用这些语言知识来源，研究了现有知识库的自适应性以及根据MA模型对语言变量进行推理的可用性。规划决策的可理解性通过设计评估的跨学科性、透明度和适应性的模型开发来确保。为此，开发了整个支撑结构质量的评估模型、结构论证的解释组件和适应评估的接口。由此产生的以知识为基础的系统最终为建筑设计过程的早期阶段提供了优化的决策支持。

The consideration of structural design aspects in early phases of the building planning process leads to a reliable support of planning decisions as well as a significant increase in efficiency. In phase 1 of subproject 5 (TP5), the research approach comprised the elaboration of a knowledge-based system (KBS) that provides structural engineering knowledge depending on the development level. Using the implemented intelligent substitution models, applicable suggestions are determined as options and structural elements of the building design are evaluated. A concept for the identification of compromises and a substitution model for the estimation of modification effects have been developed for the processing of design changes.In the second phase of TP5, basic principles will be developed that utilize the KBS for the completion of the involved knowledge, for the encouragement of interdisciplinary cooperation, for the transparency of planning decisions and finally for the optimization of the design process. A universal applicability of the provided planning support necessitates the integration of knowledge that involves other building materials and construction methods. The integrability into the KBS is verified at the example of wood and wood composite constructions. Material-specific knowledge bases and associated TSK inference systems are implemented and an evaluation variant for TP4 is presented. An early consideration of complex cross-disciplinary design criteria results in a focused planning support that increases the acceptance and efficiency of the design process and promotes interdisciplinary cooperation. The integration of such complex requirements into the intelligent substitution models of the KBS is investigated through acquisition of expert rules for criteria and boundary conditions as well as the verification of their application in the inference systems. With regard to an efficient design process, the early identification and processing of highly complex structural problems is of particular importance. Since the computational efforts of parameter studies are generally very high due to their complexity, natural language rules are used for expert estimations and special engineering experience. For the utilization of these linguistic knowledge sources in the KBS, the adaptivity of the existing knowledge bases as well as the usability of inferences with linguistic variables according to the MA model are investigated. The comprehensibility of planning decisions is ensured through model developments for interdisciplinarity, transparency and adaptivity of the design assessment. For this purpose, an evaluation model for the quality of entire supporting structures, an explanation component for structural justifications and interfaces for the adaptation of the assessments are developed. The resulting knowledge-based system ultimately provides an optimized decision support for the building design process in early phases.