ANTHALO Blue Ice: Feasibility Study for Geoscientific and Atmospheric Investigation of Antarctica using HALO (ANTHALO-BI)

本项目提案的主要目标是证明在南极洲的ANTHALO蓝冰（ANTHALO-BI）使命期间在HALO上进行科学实验的可行性。在这方面，必须进行风险评估。此外，还将准备科学仪器，以便将其纳入在南极洲的一项广泛的哈洛科学使命，即ANTHALO使命。在蓝冰跑道上着陆和起飞的飞机的运行，以及全球导航卫星系统反射计和惯性导航系统捷联式矢量重力测量法的测量，是该项目的一个核心要素，也是实现ANTHALO的一个重要、不可或缺的步骤。在实现本项目时，必须铭记“安萨罗”使命的主要目标。这些观测是为了获得对地球重力和磁场、地表高度、地表/积雪特性、冰盖厚度和内部分层、以及沿南极大陆上空以及在相关情况下沿沿着邻近南大洋上空的长距离飞行剖面的中层大气的热结构和动力状况的一致和高度精确的观测。对全球导航卫星系统数据的大地测量分析将有助于以高度精确的坐标确定飞行轨迹，从而为所有可观测数据提供最新国际地面参照基准的共同参照。为了实现南极洲测量的合理覆盖，有必要选择南极洲的一个机场作为飞机作业的基地。因此，ANTHALO-BI使命将包括蓝冰着陆和起飞，最好是在Troll机场（东南极洲德龙宁毛德地），并根据DLR-FX在南极环境中操作HALO的规定，在南极冰盖边缘进行一些飞行。在ANTHALO-BI上，我们的目标是利用专门校准的惯性导航系统（INS）进行捷联矢量重力测量的科学测量，以及使用侧向和向下定向天线进行GNSS反射测量。将对这些测量结果进行分析，以推断关于南极冰盖边缘区域重力场相关参数和表面高度的信息。四项具体的研究建议与这项ANTHALO-BI使命的建议直接相关，涉及调查南极洲冰盖、大气层和潜在领域的各种详细的科学问题。

The main goal of this project proposal is to demonstrate the feasibility of scientific experiments aboard HALO during the ANTHALO Blue Ice (ANTHALO-BI) mission in Antarctica. In this context, a risk assessment has to be carried out. Furthermore, the scientific instrumentation for its integration into an extensive HALO scientific mission in Antarctica, the ANTHALO mission, is to be prepared. The operation of the aircraft with landing and taking off at a blue ice runway, together with measurements of GNSS reflectometry and INS strapdown vector gravimetry, is a core element within this project and a major, indispensable step towards the realization of ANTHALO. The main goals of the ANTHALO mission have to be kept in mind when realizing the present project. These are to gain consistent, highly accurate observations of the gravity and magnetic field of the Earth, of surface height, surface/firn properties, thickness and internal layering of the ice sheet, and of the thermal structure and dynamic regime of the middle atmosphere along long flight profiles over the Antarctic continent and, where pertinent, the adjacent Southern Ocean. The geodetic analysis of GNSS data will allow a determination of the flight trajectory in highly accurate coordinates, providing a common reference to the up-to-date International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) for all observables. To realize a reasonable coverage of measurements in Antarctica it is necessary to choose an airfield in Antarctica as the base for aircraft operations. Thus, the ANTHALO-BI mission will comprise blue-ice landing and taking-off, preferably at Troll Airfield (Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica), and some flights at the margin of the Antarctic ice sheet, according to prescribed regulations of DLR-FX to operate the HALO in the Antarctic environment. Aboard ANTHALO-BI we aim to perform scientific measurements of strapdown vector gravimetry utilizing a specially calibrated Inertial Navigation System (INS), and of GNSS reflectometry using sideward and downward directed antennas. These measurements will be analysed to infer information on gravity-field related parameters and on surface heights in the marginal region of the Antarctic ice sheet. Four specific research proposals, directly linked to this proposal for the ANTHALO-BI mission, deal with various detailed scientific questions on investigating ice sheet, atmosphere and potential fields in Antarctica.